/* Editorial research pages */
.research-editorial{margin:0;color:#17233a;background:#fbfcfa;font-family:'Source Sans 3',sans-serif}.research-editorial *{box-sizing:border-box}.research-editorial main{overflow:hidden}.research-shell{width:min(1180px,calc(100% - 48px));margin:auto}.research-narrow{max-width:820px}.research-kicker{margin:0 0 18px;color:#147d78;font-size:.76rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase}.research-hero{position:relative;padding:180px 0 110px;background:#edf5f1}.research-hero:before{content:'';position:absolute;inset:0;opacity:.55;background-image:radial-gradient(circle at 1px 1px,rgba(21,86,83,.18) 1px,transparent 0);background-size:28px 28px;mask-image:linear-gradient(90deg,transparent,#000 45%)}.research-hero__grid{position:relative;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.15fr .85fr;gap:6vw;align-items:center}.research-hero h1{position:relative;max-width:820px;margin:0;color:#112f36;font:500 clamp(3.2rem,6.5vw,6.4rem)/.98 'Playfair Display',serif;letter-spacing:-.045em}.research-hero h1 em{color:#147d78}.research-deck{position:relative;max-width:760px;margin:34px 0 0;color:#344f55;font-size:clamp(1.22rem,2vw,1.65rem);line-height:1.45}.river-map{position:relative;min-height:460px}.river-map svg{width:100%;height:100%;overflow:visible}.river-map .river-line{fill:none;stroke:#71aaa3;stroke-width:4;stroke-linecap:round}.river-map .river-line--main{stroke:#147d78;stroke-width:10}.river-map circle{fill:#f5b75b;stroke:#edf5f1;stroke-width:5}.map-label{position:absolute;padding:6px 11px;border:1px solid #147d7840;border-radius:99px;background:#ffffffb3;color:#225b5a;font-size:.73rem;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase}.ml1{top:27%;right:5%}.ml2{top:54%;left:29%}.ml3{bottom:10%;left:5%}.research-section{padding:112px 0}.research-section--tint{background:#edf5f1}.research-intro{font-size:1.18rem;line-height:1.8}.research-intro p{color:#526269}.research-intro .research-lead{margin-top:0;color:#153b41;font:500 clamp(2rem,4vw,3.4rem)/1.2 'Playfair Display',serif}.research-heading{margin-bottom:55px}.research-heading h2,.research-closing h2,.stream-header h2,.past-next h2{margin:0;color:#163b42;font:500 clamp(2.35rem,4.5vw,4rem)/1.1 'Playfair Display',serif;letter-spacing:-.025em}.research-heading--split{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:end;gap:60px}.research-heading--split>p{max-width:500px;margin:0;color:#637279;font-size:1.08rem;line-height:1.6}.question-list{border-top:1px solid #1f4c4f33}.question-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:90px 1fr;gap:25px;padding:42px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #1f4c4f33}.question-row>span,.stream-header>span{color:#d79332;font:500 1.4rem 'Playfair Display',serif}.question-row h3{max-width:850px;margin:0 0 14px;color:#183b42;font:500 clamp(1.35rem,2.4vw,2rem)/1.3 'Playfair Display',serif}.question-row p{max-width:850px;margin:0;color:#607075;font-size:1.04rem;line-height:1.65}.program-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px}.program-card{position:relative;min-height:510px;padding:35px;overflow:hidden;border:1px solid #d9e5e0;border-radius:4px;background:#f5f8f5}.program-card:after{content:'';position:absolute;right:-70px;bottom:-70px;width:210px;height:210px;border:1px solid #147d7826;border-radius:50%;box-shadow:0 0 0 35px #147d780a,0 0 0 70px #147d7806}.program-number{color:#147d78;font-size:.82rem;letter-spacing:.12em}.program-symbol{height:105px;margin:30px 0 10px;color:#147d78;font:500 5rem/1 'Playfair Display',serif}.program-card h3{margin:0 0 18px;color:#163b42;font:500 1.75rem/1.2 'Playfair Display',serif}.program-card p{position:relative;z-index:1;color:#637278;line-height:1.6}.program-card .program-question{color:#243f45;font-weight:600}.research-section--dark{color:white;background:#12363b}.research-heading--light h2{color:#f6faf8}.research-heading--light>p:last-child{max-width:700px;color:#adc3c1;font-size:1.12rem;line-height:1.65}.approach-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);border-top:1px solid #ffffff2e;border-left:1px solid #ffffff2e}.approach-grid article{min-height:230px;padding:38px;border-right:1px solid #ffffff2e;border-bottom:1px solid #ffffff2e}.approach-grid span{color:#f5b75b;font-size:.78rem;letter-spacing:.13em}.approach-grid h3{margin:24px 0 10px;color:white;font:500 1.65rem 'Playfair Display',serif}.approach-grid p{max-width:470px;margin:0;color:#b8cdca;line-height:1.6}.enabling-box{display:grid;grid-template-columns:200px 1fr;gap:40px;margin-top:65px;padding-top:35px;border-top:1px solid #ffffff2e}.enabling-box ul{display:grid;gap:14px;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.enabling-box li{color:#e9f2ef;font:500 1.25rem/1.4 'Playfair Display',serif}.enabling-box li:before{content:'→';margin-right:14px;color:#f5b75b}.research-closing{padding:145px 0;text-align:center;background:#f7f3e9}.research-closing h2{margin-bottom:30px}.research-closing p:last-child{color:#52656a;font-size:1.22rem;line-height:1.75}
.research-hero--past{padding-bottom:130px}.research-hero--past .research-shell{position:relative}.past-hero-copy{max-width:680px;margin:30px 0 0;color:#597075;font-size:1.08rem;line-height:1.7}.past-stream{padding-top:125px}.stream-header{display:grid;grid-template-columns:90px 1fr;gap:25px;margin-bottom:80px}.past-projects{display:grid;gap:110px}.past-project{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(300px,.8fr) minmax(350px,1fr);gap:8vw;align-items:center}.past-project--reverse .project-art{order:2}.project-art{position:relative;display:grid;place-items:center;aspect-ratio:4/3;overflow:hidden;background:#dcece7}.project-art:before{content:'';position:absolute;inset:0;background-image:linear-gradient(#147d7814 1px,transparent 1px),linear-gradient(90deg,#147d7814 1px,transparent 1px);background-size:32px 32px}.project-art strong,.project-art b,.project-art span{position:relative;z-index:2}.art-flow:after{content:'';position:absolute;width:130%;height:80px;border-bottom:18px solid #147d78;border-radius:50%;transform:rotate(-18deg)}.art-flow strong{color:white;font:500 4rem 'Playfair Display',serif}.art-width:after{content:'';position:absolute;left:-10%;width:120%;height:70px;border-radius:50%;background:#147d78;transform:rotate(-12deg)}.art-width span,.art-climate span{padding:12px 18px;background:#f7f4e9;color:#1c5a5a;font:500 2rem 'Playfair Display',serif}.art-pulse span{width:110%;height:150px;border-top:12px solid #147d78;border-radius:50%;transform:rotate(-8deg);box-shadow:0 -32px 0 -27px #d79332,0 -64px 0 -59px #7faea8}.art-grid span{width:70%;height:65%;background:repeating-linear-gradient(35deg,#147d78 0 3px,transparent 3px 22px),repeating-linear-gradient(145deg,#77aaa3 0 2px,transparent 2px 19px);clip-path:polygon(0 20%,100% 0,92% 100%,13% 88%)}.art-snow b,.art-monsoon b{color:white;font-size:7rem}.art-snow:after{content:'';position:absolute;inset:60% -10% -20%;border-radius:50% 50% 0 0;background:#8bbab4}.art-climate:after{content:'';position:absolute;width:270px;height:270px;border:28px solid #77aaa3;border-radius:50%}.art-monsoon:after{content:'';position:absolute;top:0;width:70%;height:70%;border-radius:0 0 50% 50%;background:#78ada6}.past-project h3{margin:0 0 20px;color:#173d43;font:500 clamp(2rem,3.2vw,3rem)/1.14 'Playfair Display',serif}.past-project p:not(.project-meta):not(.project-note){max-width:580px;color:#607075;font-size:1.06rem;line-height:1.7}.project-meta{margin:0 0 14px;color:#147d78;font-size:.78rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase}.project-note{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;padding:8px 12px;background:#f6ead3;color:#855d22;font-size:.85rem}.project-link{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;color:#147d78;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid}.past-next{padding:105px 0;color:white;background:#147d78}.past-next .research-kicker{color:#bfe3dc}.past-next h2{max-width:820px;color:white}.past-next a{display:inline-block;margin-top:35px;color:white;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none}
@media(max-width:900px){.research-hero__grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.river-map{min-height:310px;max-width:540px}.program-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.program-card{min-height:auto}.past-project{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:36px}.past-project--reverse .project-art{order:0}}@media(max-width:680px){.research-shell{width:min(100% - 30px,1180px)}.research-hero{padding:135px 0 78px}.research-hero h1{font-size:clamp(2.8rem,14vw,4.2rem)}.research-section{padding:78px 0}.research-heading--split{display:block}.research-heading--split>p{margin-top:22px}.question-row,.stream-header{grid-template-columns:48px 1fr}.approach-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.enabling-box{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:12px}.river-map{min-height:270px}.past-stream{padding-top:85px}.past-projects{gap:75px}}

/* Past Research — faithful adaptation of the original Google Sites page */
.past-google-style{background:#fff;color:#202124}.google-research{background:#fff}.google-research__shell{width:min(1080px,calc(100% - 48px));margin:0 auto}.google-research__intro{padding:160px 0 82px}.google-research__label{margin:0 0 16px;color:#5f6368;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase}.google-research__intro h1{margin:0 0 48px;color:#202124;font:400 clamp(3.2rem,7vw,5.5rem)/1.05 'Playfair Display',serif}.google-research__intro h2{max-width:760px;margin:0 0 28px;color:#202124;font:400 clamp(1.7rem,3.3vw,2.7rem)/1.25 'Playfair Display',serif}.google-research__intro p:not(.google-research__label){max-width:820px;margin:0 0 12px;color:#5f6368;font-size:1.08rem;line-height:1.72}.google-research__group{padding:78px 0 96px;border-top:1px solid #e8eaed}.google-research__group--soft{background:#f8f9fa}.google-research__group>.google-research__shell>h2{position:relative;margin:0 0 48px;padding-left:24px;color:#202124;font:400 clamp(1.65rem,3vw,2.35rem)/1.25 'Playfair Display',serif}.google-research__group>.google-research__shell>h2:before{content:'';position:absolute;top:.13em;bottom:.13em;left:0;width:4px;background:#1a73e8}.google-project-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:64px 46px}.google-project-grid--three{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:42px}.google-project figure{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;height:310px;margin:0 0 24px;overflow:hidden;background:#f1f3f4}.google-project figure img{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain}.google-project h3{margin:0 0 9px;color:#202124;font:400 1.35rem/1.35 'Playfair Display',serif}.google-project p{margin:5px 0;color:#5f6368;font-size:.94rem;line-height:1.55}.google-project a{color:#1a73e8;text-decoration:none}.google-project a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.google-project-grid--three figure{height:280px}.google-research__next{padding:60px 0;background:#f8f9fa;border-top:1px solid #e8eaed}.google-research__next .google-research__shell{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:30px}.google-research__next p{margin:0;color:#5f6368}.google-research__next a{color:#1a73e8;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none}.google-research__next a span{margin-left:8px}.past-google-style .primary-nav{background:rgba(255,255,255,.92);border-bottom:1px solid #e8eaed;box-shadow:none}.past-google-style .brand-label,.past-google-style .nav-links>li>a{color:#3c4043}.past-google-style .brand-subtitle{color:#80868b}
@media(max-width:820px){.google-project-grid,.google-project-grid--three{grid-template-columns:1fr}.google-project figure,.google-project-grid--three figure{height:auto;min-height:240px;max-height:520px}.google-project figure img{height:auto;max-height:520px}.google-research__intro{padding-top:130px}.google-research__next .google-research__shell{display:block}.google-research__next a{display:inline-block;margin-top:14px}}@media(max-width:520px){.google-research__shell{width:calc(100% - 30px)}.google-research__intro{padding-bottom:60px}.google-research__group{padding:60px 0 72px}.google-research__group>.google-research__shell>h2{padding-left:17px}.google-project-grid{gap:52px}}

/* Lab Home */
.lab-home{margin:0;background:#fff;color:#172b3a;font-family:'Source Sans 3',sans-serif}.lab-home *{box-sizing:border-box}.lab-home-shell{position:relative;width:min(1180px,calc(100% - 48px));margin:auto}.lab-home-kicker{margin:0 0 18px;color:#086ca8;font-size:.76rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase}.lab-home-hero{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;min-height:760px;padding:175px 0 105px;background-color:#062a47;background-image:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(3,28,49,.94) 0%,rgba(6,42,71,.78) 48%,rgba(6,42,71,.32) 100%),url('home/geowater-human-background.webp');background-position:center;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat}.lab-home-hero .lab-home-kicker{color:#a8daf1}.lab-home-hero h1{max-width:1020px;margin:0;color:#fff;font:500 clamp(3.2rem,6.6vw,6.4rem)/.98 'Playfair Display',serif;letter-spacing:-.05em;text-shadow:0 2px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.lab-home-hero h1 em{color:#8fd5f3}.lab-home-statement{max-width:880px;margin:36px 0 0;color:#e3f2f9;font-size:clamp(1.2rem,2vw,1.55rem);line-height:1.6;text-shadow:0 1px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.35)}.lab-home-actions{display:flex;gap:30px;margin-top:42px}.lab-home-actions a{padding-bottom:5px;color:#b9e2f6;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid currentColor}.lab-home-actions a:last-child{color:#fff}.lab-home-actions span{margin-left:7px}.lab-home-news,.lab-home-framework,.lab-home-questions{padding:105px 0}.lab-home-news{background:#fff}.lab-home-framework{background:#f7fbfd}.lab-home-section-heading{display:flex;align-items:end;justify-content:space-between;gap:50px;margin-bottom:52px}.lab-home-section-heading h2{max-width:730px;margin:0;color:#062a47;font:500 clamp(2.3rem,4.5vw,4rem)/1.08 'Playfair Display',serif;letter-spacing:-.025em}.lab-home-section-heading h2 span{color:#086ca8}.lab-home-section-heading>p{max-width:420px;margin:0;color:#526978;line-height:1.65}.home-news-list{border-top:2px solid #086ca8}.home-news-list article{display:grid;grid-template-columns:190px minmax(0,1fr);gap:32px;padding:27px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #d8e7ef}.home-news-list article>div{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:12px}.home-news-list time{color:#083b66;font-weight:600}.home-news-list article span{padding:3px 7px;background:#dff2fb;color:#086ca8;font-size:.69rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase}.home-news-list p{max-width:820px;margin:0;color:#526978;line-height:1.65}.lab-home-figure{margin:0;padding:20px 0;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid #d8e7ef;border-bottom:1px solid #d8e7ef;background:#dceaf8}.lab-home-figure img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}.lab-home-questions{background:#eef7fc}.home-question-list{border-top:1px solid #bcd9e8}.home-question-list article{display:grid;grid-template-columns:85px 1fr;gap:28px;padding:43px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #bcd9e8}.home-question-list article>span{color:#1389c9;font:500 1.35rem 'Playfair Display',serif}.home-question-list h3{max-width:900px;margin:0 0 14px;color:#083b66;font:500 clamp(1.45rem,2.5vw,2.1rem)/1.3 'Playfair Display',serif}.home-question-list p{max-width:850px;margin:0;color:#526978;font-size:1.04rem;line-height:1.68}.lab-home-closing{padding:78px 0;background:#062a47;color:#fff}.lab-home-closing .lab-home-shell{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:40px}.lab-home-closing p{max-width:780px;margin:0;color:#fff;font:500 clamp(1.65rem,3vw,2.6rem)/1.25 'Playfair Display',serif}.lab-home-closing a{flex:none;color:#b9e2f6;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none}.lab-home-closing a span{margin-left:7px}.cv-page .primary-nav{background:rgba(255,255,255,.96)!important}
@media(max-width:760px){.lab-home-shell{width:calc(100% - 30px)}.lab-home-hero{min-height:680px;padding:135px 0 72px;background-position:62% center}.lab-home-hero h1{font-size:clamp(2.8rem,13vw,4.4rem)}.lab-home-section-heading{display:block}.lab-home-section-heading>p{margin-top:18px}.home-news-list article{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:10px}.home-question-list article{grid-template-columns:45px 1fr;gap:14px}.lab-home-closing .lab-home-shell{display:block}.lab-home-closing a{display:inline-block;margin-top:25px}.lab-home-actions{flex-wrap:wrap}}

/* Teaching */
.teaching-page{margin:0;background:#fff;color:#172b3a;font-family:'Source Sans 3',sans-serif}.teaching-page *{box-sizing:border-box}.teaching-shell{width:min(1180px,calc(100% - 48px));margin:auto}.teaching-kicker{margin:0 0 16px;color:#086ca8;font-size:.76rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase}.teaching-hero{padding:170px 0 105px;background:#f2f9fd;overflow:hidden}.teaching-hero__grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.1fr .9fr;gap:7vw;align-items:center}.teaching-hero h1{max-width:770px;margin:0;color:#062a47;font:500 clamp(3.1rem,6vw,5.8rem)/1 'Playfair Display',serif;letter-spacing:-.045em}.teaching-hero h1 em{color:#086ca8}.teaching-deck{max-width:710px;margin:30px 0 0;color:#526978;font-size:1.3rem;line-height:1.55}.teaching-rings{position:relative;min-height:390px}.ring{position:absolute;border:2px solid}.ring--one{inset:6% 4% 28% 26%;border-color:#87c9e8;border-radius:48% 52% 58% 42%}.ring--two{inset:27% 23% 3% 2%;border-color:#1389c9;border-radius:60% 40% 47% 53%}.ring--three{inset:16% 13% 14% 14%;border-color:#0b5186;border-radius:43% 57% 39% 61%}.ring-label{position:absolute;padding:7px 12px;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d8e7ef;color:#0b5186;font-size:.72rem;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase}.rl-model{top:8%;right:3%}.rl-data{top:49%;left:4%}.rl-field{right:15%;bottom:5%}.teaching-intro{padding:100px 0}.teaching-intro__grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:100px minmax(0,780px);gap:25px}.teaching-index{margin:0;color:#1389c9;font:500 1.5rem 'Playfair Display',serif}.teaching-intro h2,.teaching-section-heading h2{margin:0;color:#062a47;font:500 clamp(2.3rem,4.5vw,3.8rem)/1.1 'Playfair Display',serif}.teaching-intro__grid>div>p:last-child{color:#526978;font-size:1.18rem;line-height:1.75}.teaching-courses{padding:100px 0;background:#eef7fc}.teaching-section-heading{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:end;gap:50px;margin-bottom:55px}.teaching-section-heading>p{max-width:440px;margin:0;color:#526978;line-height:1.6}.course-list{border-top:1px solid #bcd9e8}.course-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:80px minmax(0,1fr) 180px;gap:30px;padding:42px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #bcd9e8}.course-number{color:#1389c9;font:500 1.2rem 'Playfair Display',serif}.course-level{margin:0 0 10px;color:#086ca8;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase}.course-main h3{max-width:680px;margin:0;color:#083b66;font:500 clamp(1.5rem,2.6vw,2.2rem)/1.25 'Playfair Display',serif}.course-cn{margin:9px 0 0;color:#647d8b}.course-terms{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-end;gap:5px;color:#607986;font-size:.88rem}.teaching-pillars{padding:105px 0;background:#062a47}.teaching-pillars .teaching-kicker{color:#87c9e8}.teaching-pillar-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);border-top:1px solid #ffffff36;border-left:1px solid #ffffff36}.teaching-pillar-grid article{min-height:250px;padding:35px;border-right:1px solid #ffffff36;border-bottom:1px solid #ffffff36}.teaching-pillar-grid span{color:#87c9e8;font-size:.76rem;letter-spacing:.12em}.teaching-pillar-grid h3{margin:45px 0 12px;color:#fff;font:500 1.8rem 'Playfair Display',serif}.teaching-pillar-grid p{margin:0;color:#bdd1dc;line-height:1.65}
@media(max-width:900px){.teaching-hero__grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.teaching-rings{min-height:280px;max-width:520px}.course-card{grid-template-columns:55px 1fr}.course-terms{grid-column:2;align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:7px 14px}.teaching-pillar-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}}@media(max-width:620px){.teaching-shell{width:calc(100% - 30px)}.teaching-hero{padding:135px 0 75px}.teaching-hero h1{font-size:clamp(2.7rem,13vw,4rem)}.teaching-intro__grid{grid-template-columns:45px 1fr}.teaching-section-heading{display:block}.teaching-section-heading>p{margin-top:18px}.course-card{grid-template-columns:35px 1fr;gap:15px}.teaching-rings{min-height:230px}}

:root {
  --bg: #f0f7ff;
  --bg-secondary: #ffffff;
  --card-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
  --glass-highlight: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
  --text: #1e293b;
  --muted: #64748b;
  --border: rgba(186, 215, 255, 0.4);
  --accent: #0066ff;
  --accent-light: #e0eeff;
  --accent-weak: rgba(0, 102, 255, 0.06);
  --shadow: 0 10px 30px -10px rgba(0, 80, 200, 0.08);
  --nav-bg: rgba(248, 251, 255, 0.8);
  --warning: #f59e0b;
  --danger: #ef4444;
  --nav-height: 80px;
}

/* ===========================================================================
   GeoWater 2026 visual system
   Academic layout inspired by Global Rivers Group; hydrology-blue palette
   ========================================================================== */
:root{
  --water-950:#062a47;
  --water-900:#083b66;
  --water-800:#0b5186;
  --water-700:#086ca8;
  --water-600:#1389c9;
  --water-300:#87c9e8;
  --water-100:#dff2fb;
  --water-050:#f2f9fd;
  --ink:#172b3a;
  --ink-soft:#526978;
  --line:#d8e7ef;
  --paper:#ffffff;
  --accent:#086ca8;
  --accent-light:#dff2fb;
  --accent-weak:rgba(8,108,168,.07);
  --bg:#f5fafd;
  --bg-secondary:#fff;
  --text:#172b3a;
  --muted:#607786;
  --border:#d8e7ef;
  --nav-bg:rgba(255,255,255,.96);
}
body:not(.research-slides-mode){color:var(--ink);background:var(--paper)}
.primary-nav{height:76px!important;background:rgba(255,255,255,.96)!important;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)!important;box-shadow:none!important;backdrop-filter:blur(14px)}
.primary-nav .nav-inner{max-width:1240px!important;padding:0 30px!important}
.brand-label{color:var(--water-900)!important;font-family:'Playfair Display',serif!important;font-size:1.24rem!important;font-weight:500!important;letter-spacing:.01em!important}
.brand-subtitle{color:#718896!important;letter-spacing:.11em!important;text-transform:uppercase}
.nav-links{gap:22px!important}
.nav-links>li>a{padding:27px 0 24px!important;color:#385263!important;font-size:.9rem!important;font-weight:500!important;letter-spacing:.02em!important}
.nav-links>li>a:after{background:var(--water-600)!important;height:2px!important}
.nav-links>li>a:hover,.nav-links>li>a.active{color:var(--water-800)!important}
.research-subnav{background:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--line)!important;box-shadow:0 14px 34px rgba(6,42,71,.12)!important}
.research-subnav a{color:#496474!important}.research-subnav a:hover,.research-subnav a.active{color:var(--water-800)!important;background:var(--water-050)!important}
.page{max-width:1240px!important;margin:0 auto!important;padding-left:30px!important;padding-right:30px!important}
.page-heading{padding:145px 0 72px!important;text-align:left!important;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.page-heading .eyebrow{color:var(--water-700)!important;font-size:.74rem!important;letter-spacing:.18em!important;text-transform:uppercase}
.page-heading h1{margin:.15em 0!important;color:var(--water-950)!important;font:500 clamp(3.4rem,7vw,5.7rem)/1 'Playfair Display',serif!important;letter-spacing:-.045em!important}
.page-heading>p:last-child{max-width:720px!important;margin:18px 0 0!important;color:var(--ink-soft)!important;font-size:1.15rem!important;line-height:1.65!important}
.section-title,.year-title{color:var(--water-900)!important}

/* Current Research: same blue language, without changing its narrative */
.research-editorial{--hydro-blue:#086ca8;background:#fff!important}
.research-editorial .research-hero{background:var(--water-050)!important}
.research-editorial .research-hero:before{background-image:radial-gradient(circle at 1px 1px,rgba(8,108,168,.17) 1px,transparent 0)!important}
.research-editorial .research-hero h1,.research-editorial .research-heading h2,.research-editorial .research-closing h2{color:var(--water-950)!important}
.research-editorial .research-hero h1 em,.research-editorial .research-kicker,.program-number,.program-symbol{color:var(--water-700)!important}
.river-map .river-line{stroke:#79bddd!important}.river-map .river-line--main{stroke:var(--water-700)!important}.river-map circle{fill:#f2b84b!important;stroke:var(--water-050)!important}
.map-label{border-color:#1389c94d!important;color:var(--water-800)!important}
.research-section--tint{background:#eef7fc!important}.question-row,.question-list{border-color:#bfd9e8!important}
.question-row>span,.stream-header>span{color:var(--water-600)!important}
.question-row h3,.program-card h3{color:var(--water-900)!important}
.program-card{background:#f7fbfd!important;border-color:var(--line)!important}.program-card:after{border-color:#1389c933!important;box-shadow:0 0 0 35px #1389c910,0 0 0 70px #1389c908!important}
.research-section--dark{background:var(--water-950)!important}
.research-closing{background:#eef7fc!important}

/* Past Research: preserve Google Sites simplicity, move to hydrology blue */
.past-google-style .primary-nav{border-color:var(--line)!important}
.google-research__label,.google-research__group>.google-research__shell>h2:before,.google-project a,.google-research__next a{color:var(--water-700)!important}
.google-research__group>.google-research__shell>h2:before{background:var(--water-600)!important}
.google-research__group--soft,.google-research__next{background:var(--water-050)!important}
.google-research__group,.google-research__next{border-color:var(--line)!important}
.google-project figure{background:#edf5f9!important}

/* Team: image-led, factual people cards as in the reference lab site */
.team-page .publications-layout{display:block!important}
.team-page .publications-sidebar{display:none!important}
.team-page .publications-content{width:100%!important;max-width:none!important}
.team-page .year-block{padding:76px 0!important;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)!important}
.team-page .year-title{display:flex!important;align-items:baseline!important;justify-content:space-between!important;margin:0 0 42px!important;padding:0 0 17px!important;border-bottom:2px solid var(--water-700)!important;font:500 clamp(1.8rem,3vw,2.5rem) 'Playfair Display',serif!important}
.team-page .year-meta{color:#718896!important;font:500 .72rem 'Source Sans 3',sans-serif!important;letter-spacing:.14em!important;text-transform:uppercase}
.pi-profile{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(240px,340px) minmax(0,1fr);gap:clamp(36px,6vw,78px);align-items:start}
.pi-headshot-wrapper{overflow:hidden;aspect-ratio:4/5;background:var(--water-100)}
.pi-headshot-wrapper img{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;object-position:center top}
.pi-profile-copy{max-width:720px;padding-top:8px}
.pi-profile-copy .pi-role{margin:0 0 10px;color:var(--water-700);font-size:.78rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase}
.pi-profile-copy h2{margin:0 0 17px;color:var(--water-950);font:500 clamp(2.4rem,5vw,4.4rem)/1 'Playfair Display',serif;letter-spacing:-.035em}
.pi-affiliation{margin:0 0 24px!important;color:var(--water-800)!important;font-weight:600;line-height:1.55!important}
.pi-profile-copy>p:not(.pi-role):not(.pi-affiliation){max-width:680px;margin:0;color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:1.05rem;line-height:1.72}
.pi-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:18px 30px;margin-top:30px;padding-top:20px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.pi-links a{color:var(--water-700);font-weight:600;text-decoration:none}.pi-links a:hover{text-decoration:underline}
.team-list{display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))!important;gap:54px 42px!important}
.person-row{display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:180px 1fr!important;gap:25px!important;align-items:start!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important;border:0!important;background:transparent!important;box-shadow:none!important;transform:none!important}
.person-headshot-wrapper{width:180px!important;height:220px!important;border-radius:0!important;overflow:hidden!important;background:var(--water-100)!important;box-shadow:none!important}
.person-headshot-wrapper img{width:100%!important;height:100%!important;object-fit:cover!important;filter:none!important}
.person-info-block{padding:4px 0 0!important}
.person-info-block h3{margin:0 0 7px!important;color:var(--water-900)!important;font:500 1.55rem 'Playfair Display',serif!important}
.person-info-block p{margin:7px 0!important;color:var(--ink-soft)!important;line-height:1.5!important}
.person-info-block .role{color:var(--water-700)!important;font-weight:600!important}
.person-highlight{padding:10px 0 0!important;border-top:1px solid var(--line)!important;color:#6a7f8b!important;font-size:.82rem!important}
.photo-slider-container{border-radius:0!important;border:1px solid var(--line)!important;box-shadow:none!important}

/* Publications: quiet editorial list */
.publications-page .publication-section{padding-top:72px!important}
.publications-page .word-cloud-container{background:var(--water-050)!important;border:1px solid var(--line)!important;border-radius:0!important;box-shadow:none!important}
.publications-page .year-title{padding-bottom:14px!important;border-bottom:2px solid var(--water-700)!important}
.pub-item{border:0!important;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)!important;border-radius:0!important;background:#fff!important;box-shadow:none!important;transform:none!important}
.pub-item:hover{background:var(--water-050)!important}
.pub-title{color:var(--ink)!important}.author-me{color:var(--water-700)!important}.journal-pill,.lab-paper-badge{border-radius:2px!important}
.publications-sidebar .timeline-dot.active .dot,.publications-sidebar .timeline-dot:hover .dot{background:var(--water-600)!important;border-color:var(--water-600)!important}

/* Contact: two clean editorial columns */
.contact-dual-column-layout{gap:32px!important;padding:70px 0 100px!important}
.contact-method-full,.visual-media-card-v2,.map-card-v2{border:1px solid var(--line)!important;border-radius:0!important;background:#fff!important;box-shadow:none!important}
.method-icon{color:var(--water-700)!important;background:var(--water-100)!important}
.method-title{color:var(--water-900)!important}.email-link{color:var(--water-700)!important}
.media-label{background:var(--water-900)!important}

/* Home: remove dashboard sheen and align sections with the editorial system */
.home-page{background:#fff!important}
.home-page .primary-nav{background:rgba(255,255,255,.96)!important}
.home-page .home-section{border-radius:0!important;box-shadow:none!important}
.home-page .welcome-hero{background:var(--water-050)!important}
.home-page .cool-title,.home-page .section-title,.home-page h2{color:var(--water-950)!important}
.home-page .eyebrow,.home-page .section-kicker{color:var(--water-700)!important}
.home-page .card,.home-page [class*="-card"]{border-color:var(--line)!important;box-shadow:none!important}
.home-page .card:hover,.home-page [class*="-card"]:hover{transform:none!important;box-shadow:none!important}

@media(max-width:900px){
  .nav-links{gap:18px!important}
  .pi-profile{grid-template-columns:minmax(210px,280px) minmax(0,1fr);gap:36px}
  .team-list{grid-template-columns:1fr!important}
  .person-row{grid-template-columns:160px 1fr!important}
  .person-headshot-wrapper{width:160px!important;height:200px!important}
}
@media(max-width:680px){
  .primary-nav .nav-inner{padding:0 15px!important}.page{padding-left:15px!important;padding-right:15px!important}
  .page-heading{padding-top:120px!important}.nav-links{gap:9px!important}
  .team-list{gap:42px!important}.person-row{grid-template-columns:115px 1fr!important;gap:18px!important}
  .pi-profile{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:28px}.pi-headshot-wrapper{width:min(100%,320px)}
  .person-headshot-wrapper{width:115px!important;height:150px!important}
  .person-info-block h3{font-size:1.3rem!important}
}

/* Research Page - Enhanced Connected Flow */
.research-flow-container {
    position: relative;
    padding: 0;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0;
    width: 100%;
}

.flow-step {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
    width: 100%;
    min-height: 100vh;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 6rem 2rem !important;
}

#intro.flow-step {
    padding: 0 2rem !important;
    text-align: center;
}

#lab-story.flow-step {
    padding: 0 2rem !important;
}

/* Unified Section Header - Force vertical stack, no overlap */
.section-header {
    display: block !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: 1100px !important;
    margin: 0 auto !important;
    padding-bottom: 8rem !important; /* Massive physical space to push content down */
    text-align: center !important;
    position: relative !important;
    z-index: 100 !important;
}

.section-title-group {
    display: block !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
}

.slide-title {
    display: block !important;
    margin: 0 auto 2.5rem auto !important;
    font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 5vw, 3.2rem) !important;
    line-height: 1.2 !important;
    color: #1e40af !important;
    font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
    font-weight: 800;
    width: 100% !important;
    position: relative !important;
}

.section-intro {
    display: block !important;
    margin: 0 auto !important;
    font-size: 1.25rem !important;
    line-height: 1.6 !important;
    color: #475569 !important;
    max-width: 850px !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    position: relative !important;
}

.card-internal-indicator {
    display: inline-flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    justify-content: center !important;
    width: 50px !important;
    height: 50px !important;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #3b82f6, #2563eb) !important;
    color: white !important;
    border-radius: 15px !important;
    font-weight: 800;
    font-size: 1.3rem !important;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.2) !important;
    margin: 0 auto 1.5rem auto !important;
    position: relative !important;
}

/* 1. Background Section Fixes */
.hero-banner-3d {
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: 1100px !important;
    margin: 0 auto !important;
    padding: 4rem 3rem !important;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78) !important;
    backdrop-filter: blur(24px) !important;
    border-radius: 40px !important;
    border: 1px solid rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 25px 60px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.08) !important;
    display: block !important;
    text-align: center !important;
    overflow: auto !important;
    max-height: calc(100vh - 6rem) !important;
    scrollbar-gutter: stable both-edges !important;
    overscroll-behavior: contain !important;
}

.hero-banner-3d .section-header {
    margin-bottom: 3rem !important;
}

.security-mini-grid {
    display: grid !important;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr) !important;
    gap: 1.5rem !important;
    margin: 0 auto 3rem auto !important;
    width: 100% !important;
}

.background-flow {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1.8rem;
    align-items: center;
}

.background-arrow {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.6rem;
    position: relative;
    margin: -0.5rem 0 0.2rem 0;
}

.background-arrow .arrow-shaft {
    width: 4px;
    height: 48px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(79, 70, 229, 0), rgba(14, 165, 233, 0.8));
    box-shadow: 0 0 18px rgba(14, 165, 233, 0.45);
    animation: arrowPulse 2s ease-in-out infinite;
}

.background-arrow .arrow-head {
    width: 22px;
    height: 22px;
    border-right: 3px solid rgba(14, 165, 233, 0.9);
    border-bottom: 3px solid rgba(14, 165, 233, 0.9);
    transform: rotate(45deg);
    margin-top: -10px;
    filter: drop-shadow(0 0 8px rgba(14, 165, 233, 0.6));
}

.background-arrow span {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: #0f172a;
}

.background-arrow::after {
    content: '';
    width: 120px;
    height: 120px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    position: absolute;
    top: -30px;
    background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.12), transparent 60%);
    z-index: -1;
}

@keyframes arrowPulse {
    0% { opacity: 0.4; transform: scaleY(0.9); }
    50% { opacity: 1; transform: scaleY(1.05); }
    100% { opacity: 0.4; transform: scaleY(0.9); }
}

.background-points {
    width: 100% !important;
    background: transparent;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-shadow: none;
}

.hero-banner-3d .background-points {
    background: transparent !important;
    border: none !important;
    border-radius: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
    box-shadow: none !important;
}

.security-mini-item {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
    gap: 1.1rem;
    padding: 2.3rem 1.8rem;
    border-radius: 32px;
    background: linear-gradient(145deg, rgba(248, 250, 255, 0.98), rgba(219, 234, 254, 0.9));
    border: 1px solid rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.2);
    box-shadow: 0 20px 55px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.1);
    transition: transform 0.4s ease, box-shadow 0.4s ease;
}

.security-mini-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-12px);
    box-shadow: 0 25px 60px rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.2);
    border-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.35);
}

.security-mini-icon {
    font-size: 2.6rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
    background: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.12);
    padding: 0.6rem 1.2rem;
    border-radius: 999px;
}

.security-mini-label {
    font-size: 1.35rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: #1e40af;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.security-mini-desc {
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: #0f172a;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.policy-link-grid {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 0.8rem;
    margin-bottom: 3.5rem;
}

.policy-link-item {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    padding: 0.5rem 1.2rem;
    background: white;
    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 102, 255, 0.15);
    border-radius: 999px;
    color: var(--accent);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);
    font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif;
}

.policy-link-item:hover {
    background: var(--accent);
    color: white !important;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(0, 102, 255, 0.2);
    border-color: var(--accent);
}

.bg-card-image-full {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 900px;
    height: auto;
    object-fit: contain;
    border-radius: 20px;
    margin-top: 1rem;
    filter: drop-shadow(0 15px 35px rgba(0, 80, 200, 0.15));
    transition: transform 0.5s ease;
}

.bg-card-image-full:hover {
    transform: scale(1.02);
    box-shadow: 0 20px 40px rgba(0, 80, 200, 0.15);
}

.slide-title {
    font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
    font-size: 2.8rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1e40af 0%, #0369a1 100%);
    -webkit-background-clip: text;
    background-clip: text;
    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    font-weight: 800;
}

.needs-interaction {
    display: block !important;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8) !important;
    backdrop-filter: blur(24px) !important;
    padding: 6rem 3rem !important;
    border-radius: 40px !important;
    border: 1px solid rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 25px 60px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.08) !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: 1100px !important;
    margin: 0 auto !important;
    position: relative !important;
    z-index: 5 !important;
    text-align: center !important;
    overflow: auto !important;
    max-height: calc(100vh - 6rem) !important;
    scrollbar-gutter: stable both-edges !important;
}

.needs-interaction .section-header {
    position: relative !important;
    display: block !important;
    margin-bottom: 6rem !important;
    z-index: 10 !important;
}

.needs-grid {
    display: grid !important;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr) !important;
    gap: 2.5rem !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    margin-top: 0 !important;
}

.need-card {
    padding: 2.5rem !important;
    border-radius: 36px !important;
    border: 1px solid rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 15px 45px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05) !important;
    background: #ffffff !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 1.2rem !important;
    transition: all 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275) !important;
    position: relative !important;
    overflow: hidden !important;
}

.need-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 5px;
    background: var(--card-accent, #3b82f6);
    opacity: 0.8;
}

.need-card:nth-child(1) { --card-accent: #3b82f6; background: linear-gradient(145deg, #ffffff, #eff6ff) !important; }
.need-card:nth-child(2) { --card-accent: #10b981; background: linear-gradient(145deg, #ffffff, #f0fdf4) !important; }
.need-card:nth-child(3) { --card-accent: #f59e0b; background: linear-gradient(145deg, #ffffff, #fffbeb) !important; }
.need-card:nth-child(4) { --card-accent: #ef4444; background: linear-gradient(145deg, #ffffff, #fef2f2) !important; }

.need-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-12px) scale(1.02) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 25px 60px rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15) !important;
    border-color: var(--card-accent) !important;
}

.need-header {
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    gap: 1.2rem !important;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem !important;
}

.need-icon {
    font-size: 2.4rem !important;
    width: 60px !important;
    height: 60px !important;
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    justify-content: center !important;
    border-radius: 18px !important;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04) !important;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease !important;
}

.need-card:hover .need-icon {
    transform: rotate(10deg) scale(1.1) !important;
}

.need-card h3 {
    font-size: 1.4rem !important;
    color: #1e40af !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    font-weight: 800 !important;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em !important;
}

.need-card p {
    font-size: 1rem !important;
    color: #475569 !important;
    line-height: 1.6 !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
}

.need-card ul {
    margin-top: auto !important;
    padding-left: 0 !important;
    list-style: none !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-wrap: wrap !important;
    gap: 0.6rem !important;
}

.need-card li {
    font-size: 0.85rem !important;
    font-weight: 600 !important;
    color: var(--card-accent) !important;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7) !important;
    padding: 0.4rem 0.8rem !important;
    border-radius: 10px !important;
    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03) !important;
    transition: all 0.3s ease !important;
}

.need-card:hover li {
    background: white !important;
    transform: translateY(-2px) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) !important;
}

/* 4. GeoWater Lab Section - Fixes */
.geowater-lab-section {
    padding: 2rem !important;
}

.lab-content {
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: 1100px !important;
    margin: 0 auto !important;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78) !important;
    backdrop-filter: blur(24px) !important;
    border-radius: 40px !important;
    padding: 5rem 3rem !important;
    border: 1px solid rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 25px 60px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.08) !important;
    display: block !important;
    text-align: center !important;
    position: relative !important;
    overflow: auto !important;
    max-height: calc(100vh - 6rem);
    scrollbar-gutter: stable both-edges;
}

.geowater-lab-section .section-header {
    position: relative !important;
    display: block !important;
    margin-bottom: 6rem !important;
    z-index: 10 !important;
}

.lab-lede {
    font-size: 1.25rem !important;
    color: #334155 !important;
    max-width: 800px !important;
    margin: 0 auto 3rem auto !important;
    text-align: center !important;
    line-height: 1.6 !important;
    font-weight: 500 !important;
}

.lab-tabs {
    display: flex !important;
    justify-content: center !important;
    gap: 1rem !important;
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem !important;
}

.lab-pillars {
    display: grid !important;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr) !important;
    gap: 2rem !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    margin-top: 0 !important;
}

.pillar-card {
    padding: 2.5rem 2.2rem !important;
    border-radius: 32px !important;
    border: 1px solid rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.1) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03) !important;
    transition: all 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    text-align: center !important;
    min-height: 360px !important;
    position: relative !important;
    z-index: 1 !important;
}

.pillar-card h3,
.pillar-card p,
.pillar-card ul {
    position: relative !important;
    z-index: 2 !important;
}

.pillar-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-12px) scale(1.02) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 25px 60px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.15) !important;
}

.pillar-icon {
    font-size: 2.2rem !important;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem !important;
}

.pillar-label {
    font-size: 0.85rem !important;
    text-transform: uppercase !important;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em !important;
    color: #3b82f6 !important;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem !important;
    font-weight: 600 !important;
}

.pillar-card h3 {
    color: #1e40af !important;
    margin-bottom: 0.9rem !important;
    font-size: 1.35rem !important;
    font-weight: 800 !important;
}

.pillar-card p {
    font-size: 0.95rem !important;
    color: #475569 !important;
    line-height: 1.6 !important;
}

.lab-pillars article:nth-child(1) {
    background: linear-gradient(145deg, #ffffff, #eff6ff) !important;
}

.lab-pillars article:nth-child(2) {
    background: linear-gradient(145deg, #ffffff, #f0fdf4) !important;
}

.lab-pillars article:nth-child(3) {
    background: linear-gradient(145deg, #ffffff, #fffbeb) !important;
}

.lab-pillars article:nth-child(4) {
    background: linear-gradient(145deg, #ffffff, #fef2f2) !important;
}

.lab-pillars ul {
    list-style: none !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
    margin: 0 auto !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 0.6rem !important;
    align-items: center !important;
}

.lab-pillars li {
    display: inline-flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    justify-content: center !important;
    width: 100%;
}

.lab-caseboard .case-card {
    padding: 2.5rem;
    border-radius: 32px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.1);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03);
    background: linear-gradient(145deg, #ffffff, #eff6ff);
    text-align: center;
    transition: all 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

.lab-caseboard .case-card:nth-child(2) {
    background: linear-gradient(145deg, #ffffff, #f0fdf4);
}

.lab-caseboard .case-card:nth-child(3) {
    background: linear-gradient(145deg, #ffffff, #fffbeb);
}

.lab-caseboard .case-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-12px) scale(1.02);
    box-shadow: 0 25px 60px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.15);
}

.lab-ref {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.35rem;
    padding: 0.35rem 0.85rem;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.12);
    border: 1px solid rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.25);
    color: #1e40af;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: none;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 100%;
}

.lab-tab-content {
    display: none;
    width: 100%;
}

.lab-tab-content.active {
    display: block;
}

.need-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: 0 15px 40px rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.1);
    border-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.3);
}

.need-icon {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
    line-height: 1;
}

.need-card h3 {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    color: #1e40af;
    margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.need-card p {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: #475569;
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.need-card ul {
    padding-left: 1.2rem;
    color: #64748b;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    margin-top: auto;
}

.need-card li {
    margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
}

/* Scientific Challenges - Fixed Overlap & Beautified */
.challenges-container-v4,
.lab-content {
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: 1100px !important;
    margin: 0 auto !important;
    padding: 5rem 3rem !important;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(248, 251, 255, 0.98), rgba(219, 234, 254, 0.93)) !important;
    border-radius: 40px !important;
    border: 1px solid rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 25px 60px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.08) !important;
    display: block !important;
    text-align: center !important;
    position: relative !important;
    overflow: auto !important;
    max-height: calc(100vh - 6rem) !important;
    scrollbar-gutter: stable both-edges !important;
}

.challenges-container-v4 .section-header {
    position: relative !important;
    display: block !important;
    margin-bottom: 6rem !important;
    z-index: 10 !important;
}

.challenges-grid {
    display: grid !important;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr) !important;
    gap: 2rem !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    margin-top: 0 !important;
}

.modern-challenge-card {
    position: relative !important;
    padding: 3.5rem 2.2rem 2.5rem !important;
    border-radius: 32px !important;
    border: 1px solid rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.1) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03) !important;
    transition: all 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) !important;
    overflow: hidden !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    text-align: center !important;
    min-height: 340px !important;
    background: white !important;
    z-index: 1 !important;
}

.modern-challenge-card h3,
.modern-challenge-card .challenge-title {
    position: relative !important;
    z-index: 2 !important;
}

.modern-challenge-card p,
.modern-challenge-card .challenge-desc {
    position: relative !important;
    z-index: 2 !important;
}

.challenge-c1 { background: linear-gradient(145deg, #ffffff, #eff6ff) !important; }
.challenge-c2 { background: linear-gradient(145deg, #ffffff, #f0fdf4) !important; }
.challenge-c3 { background: linear-gradient(145deg, #ffffff, #fffbeb) !important; }

.challenge-number {
    font-size: 1.8rem !important;
    font-weight: 800 !important;
    color: #3b82f6 !important;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15), rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.35));
    padding: 0.4rem 1rem;
    border-radius: 18px;
    line-height: 1 !important;
    margin-bottom: 1rem !important;
}

.challenge-icon {
    font-size: 3.2rem !important;
    margin-bottom: 1.2rem !important;
    display: block !important;
}

.challenge-title {
    font-size: 1.35rem !important;
    font-weight: 800 !important;
    color: #1e40af !important;
    margin-bottom: 0.8rem !important;
}

.challenge-desc {
    font-size: 0.95rem !important;
    color: #475569 !important;
    line-height: 1.6 !important;
}

.challenge-number {
    align-self: center;
    justify-self: center;
}

.modern-challenge-card:hover {
    border-color: rgba(79, 172, 254, 0.65);
    box-shadow: 0 30px 65px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.6);
    transform: translateY(-12px) scale(1.03);
}

.modern-challenge-card::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 6px;
    background: var(--accent);
    border-radius: 0 0 30px 30px;
    transform: scaleX(0);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.modern-challenge-card:hover::after {
    transform: scaleX(1);
}

.challenge-header {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
}

.challenge-id {
    font-weight: 900;
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    opacity: 0.35;
    line-height: 1;
}

.challenge-icon {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
}

.challenge-desc {
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
    color: var(--text);
}

.challenge-bottleneck {
    padding: 0.55rem 1.1rem;
    border-radius: 999px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-align: center;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
    color: #f8fbff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
}

.challenge-c1 {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.25), rgba(14, 165, 233, 0.5));
    border-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.35);
}

.challenge-c1 .challenge-id {
    color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.8);
}

.challenge-c1::after {
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, #60a5fa, #38bdf8);
}

.challenge-c2 {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(248, 113, 113, 0.2), rgba(251, 146, 60, 0.45));
    border-color: rgba(248, 113, 113, 0.35);
}

.challenge-c2 .challenge-id {
    color: rgba(248, 113, 113, 0.8);
}

.challenge-c2::after {
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, #fb7185, #f97316);
}

.challenge-c3 {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(52, 211, 153, 0.25), rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.5));
    border-color: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.35);
}

.challenge-c3 .challenge-id {
    color: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.8);
}

.challenge-c3::after {
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, #34d399, #10b981);
}

/* Scroll Indicator Animation */
.flow-step .scroll-indicator {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    right: 2.5rem;
    left: auto;
    bottom: auto;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.8rem;
    opacity: 0.8;
    animation: fadeIn 1.5s ease-out;
}

.scroll-indicator span {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.15em;
    color: var(--muted);
}

.scroll-indicator.primary {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    right: 2.5rem;
    bottom: auto;
    left: auto;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    opacity: 0.9;
    color: #fff;
}

.scroll-indicator.primary span {
    color: #fff;
    text-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
}

.scroll-indicator.secondary {
    opacity: 0.65;
}

.scroll-indicator.secondary span {
    color: var(--muted);
}

.module-scroll-indicator {
    display: inline-flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 0.6rem;
    margin: 2.5rem auto 0 auto;
    opacity: 0.75;
    color: #0f172a;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
}

.module-scroll-indicator .mouse {
    border-color: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.35);
}

.module-scroll-indicator span {
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
}

.geowater-lab-section .module-scroll-indicator {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    right: 3.5rem;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    z-index: 20;
}

.background-points .point-item {
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.mouse {
    width: 24px;
    height: 40px;
    border: 2px solid var(--accent);
    border-radius: 20px;
    position: relative;
}

.mouse::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 8px;
    left: 50%;
    width: 4px;
    height: 4px;
    background: var(--accent);
    border-radius: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    animation: scrollWheel 2s infinite;
}

@keyframes scrollWheel {
    0% { top: 8px; opacity: 1; }
    100% { top: 25px; opacity: 0; }
}

@keyframes fadeIn {
    from { opacity: 0; transform: translate(-50%, 20px); }
    to { opacity: 0.6; transform: translate(-50%, 0); }
}

.grants-section {
  margin-top: 3rem;
  padding: 3.5rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
  border-radius: 36px;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 40px 80px rgba(31, 74, 128, 0.18);
}

.grants-section::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: radial-gradient(circle at 20% 20%, rgba(122, 187, 255, 0.25), transparent 45%)
    , radial-gradient(circle at 80% 0%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4), transparent 45%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.grants-section::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  width: 3px;
  height: 80%;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, transparent, rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.4), transparent);
  opacity: 0.5;
}

.grants-overview {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.grant-metric {
  border-radius: 24px;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
  border: 1px solid rgba(134, 168, 231, 0.3);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 40px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
}

.grant-metric .metric-label {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--muted);
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

.grant-metric .metric-value {
  margin: 0.6rem 0 0.3rem;
  font-size: 2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--accent);
}

.grant-metric .metric-subtitle {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.grants-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.8rem;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.grant-card {
  border-radius: 26px;
  padding: 2.2rem;
  background: rgba(254, 255, 255, 0.98);
  border: 1px solid rgba(134, 168, 231, 0.25);
  box-shadow: 0 25px 40px rgba(24, 68, 130, 0.1);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.9rem;
}

.grant-card.primary {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(76, 132, 255, 0.16), rgba(130, 196, 255, 0.05));
}

.grant-card.accent {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(75, 208, 255, 0.25), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95));
}

.grant-chip {
  align-self: flex-start;
  padding: 0.35rem 1rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
}

.grant-card h3 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
}

.grant-icon {
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px;
  border-radius: 16px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: var(--accent);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 20px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
}

.grant-card p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.grant-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  color: var(--text);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.6rem;
}

.grant-line {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
  border-radius: 14px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
  border: 1px solid rgba(134, 168, 231, 0.25);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 20px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
}

.grant-line-main {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.1rem;
}

.grant-line-title {
  font-weight: 600;
}

.grant-role {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.grant-amount {
  padding: 0.25rem 0.8rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  background: rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.12);
  color: var(--accent);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.grant-amount-muted {
  background: rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.05);
  color: #0f2f5f;
}

.honors-section {
  margin-top: 4rem;
  padding: 3rem;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.08), rgba(15, 67, 148, 0.04));
  border-radius: 28px;
  box-shadow: 0 25px 60px rgba(15, 28, 63, 0.08);
}

.honors-section .section-heading {
  text-align: left;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.section-subtitle {
  color: var(--muted);
  max-width: 560px;
}

.honors-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(240px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.5rem;
}

.honor-card {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
  border-radius: 22px;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.15);
  box-shadow: 0 15px 35px rgba(15, 28, 63, 0.08);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.honor-card::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  width: 120px;
  height: 120px;
  background: rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.08);
  border-radius: 50%;
  top: -40px;
  right: -40px;
}

.honor-meta {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
}

.honor-card h3 {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  margin: 0 0 0.4rem;
}

.honor-card .honor-cn {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 600;
  margin: 0.2rem 0 0.3rem;
}

.honor-card p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.services-section {
  margin-top: 3.5rem;
  padding: 3rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
  border-radius: 28px;
  box-shadow: 0 30px 60px rgba(12, 42, 84, 0.1);
}

.services-section .section-heading {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.service-tag-cloud {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  margin-top: 0.6rem;
}

.service-tag-cloud .journal-tag {
  margin: 0;
}

.lectures-section {
  margin-top: 3rem;
  padding: 2.5rem 3rem;
  border-radius: 28px;
  background: linear-gradient(120deg, rgba(15, 28, 63, 0.05), rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.08));
  border: 1px solid rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.15);
}

.lectures-card {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
  border-radius: 30px;
  padding: 2.5rem;
  box-shadow: 0 25px 50px rgba(15, 67, 148, 0.12);
}

.lectures-lede {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--accent);
}

.lecture-bubble-grid {
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(180px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.2rem;
  position: relative;
}

.lecture-bubble {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4), rgba(189, 218, 255, 0.2));
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  border-radius: 50%;
  padding: 1.8rem 2rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
  gap: 0.3rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
  /* Liquid Physics Shadows: Outer glow + Inner refraction + Depth */
  box-shadow: 
    0 20px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05),
    inset 10px 10px 20px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6),
    inset -10px -10px 20px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.1),
    inset 0 0 40px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
  position: relative;
  overflow: visible;
  animation: liquidBubble 15s ease-in-out infinite;
  transition: all 0.8s cubic-bezier(0.19, 1, 0.22, 1);
  cursor: pointer;
}

/* Water Highlight Reflection */
.lecture-bubble::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 15%;
  left: 20%;
  width: 25%;
  height: 15%;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
  border-radius: 50%;
  transform: rotate(-35deg);
  filter: blur(2px);
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 2;
}

.lecture-bubble.big {
  grid-column: span 2;
  padding: 2.5rem 3rem;
  animation-duration: 18s;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5), rgba(189, 218, 255, 0.3));
}

.lecture-bubble:hover {
  transform: scale(1.1) translateY(-20px);
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6), rgba(189, 218, 255, 0.4));
  box-shadow: 
    0 30px 50px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.2),
    inset 15px 15px 30px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8),
    inset -15px -15px 30px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.15);
}

.bubble-title {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #0f2f5f;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.2;
  z-index: 1;
}

.bubble-meta {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: #4a5568;
  opacity: 0.85;
  z-index: 1;
}

.bubble-year {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
  z-index: 1;
}

@keyframes liquidBubble {
  0%, 100% { 
    border-radius: 50%;
    transform: translate(0, 0) scale(1); 
  }
  33% { 
    border-radius: 45% 55% 40% 60% / 60% 40% 60% 40%;
    transform: translate(15px, -25px) scale(1.03); 
  }
  66% { 
    border-radius: 55% 45% 65% 35% / 35% 65% 35% 65%;
    transform: translate(-10px, -15px) scale(0.97); 
  }
}

.lecture-bubble:nth-child(even) {
  animation-duration: 12s;
  animation-delay: -3s;
}

.lecture-bubble:nth-child(3n) {
  animation-duration: 20s;
  animation-delay: -5s;
}

.lecture-bubble:nth-child(odd) {
  animation-duration: 7s;
}

.lecture-bubble:nth-child(even) {
  animation-duration: 9s;
}

.lectures-footnote {
  margin-top: 1.2rem;
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.editorial-list {
  padding-left: 0;
}

.editorial-list li::before {
  display: none;
}

.editorial-line {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding: 0.9rem 1.1rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
  border-radius: 16px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(134, 168, 231, 0.35);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 25px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
}

.editorial-list li:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.editorial-role {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--accent);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}

.editorial-target {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: var(--text);
}

.editorial-meta {
  padding: 0.35rem 0.9rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.12);
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .grants-section {
    padding: 2.3rem;
  }

  .grants-overview {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .honors-section {
    padding: 2rem;
  }

  .honors-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .services-section {
    padding: 2rem;
  }

  .lectures-section {
    padding: 2rem;
  }

  .home-layout {
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .home-sidebar {
    position: static;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .home-sidebar {
    display: none;
  }

  .editorial-line {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }
  
  .editorial-meta {
    align-self: stretch;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .challenges-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .needs-interaction { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2rem; }
    .research-flow-container::before { display: none; }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .research-grid-visual {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    .challenge-card {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        text-align: center;
        padding: 1.5rem;
    }
    .challenge-impact {
        width: fit-content;
        margin: 0 auto;
    }
}

.title-with-gs {
  position: relative;
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.title-badges {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: -22px;
  left: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.8rem;
  width: max-content;
}

.title-badges .gs-link {
  position: static;
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.8rem;
  height: fit-content;
}

.email-badge {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
  padding: 0.2rem 0.7rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.15);
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .title-with-gs {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
  }
  .title-badges {
    position: static;
    flex-direction: column;
    margin-top: 0.8rem;
    gap: 0.5rem;
  }
}

.hero-main-content {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.5rem;
}

.gs-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0.5rem 1.2rem;
  background: rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.1);
  border: 1px solid rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.2);
  border-radius: 999px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--accent);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.title-badges .gs-link:hover {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: white !important;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.2);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.email-badge:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
  border-color: var(--accent);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.1);
}

.email-badge a {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 500;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.email-badge:hover a {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.email-icon {
  width: 14px;
  height: 14px;
  opacity: 0.7;
}

.hero-announcements {
  width: 100%;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
}

.announcement-mini-card {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9), rgba(235, 245, 255, 0.8));
  border: 1.5px solid var(--accent);
  border-radius: 20px;
  padding: 1.2rem;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.12);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.announcement-mini-card::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 4px;
  height: 100%;
  background: var(--accent);
}

.announcement-header-mini {
  margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
}

.announcement-list-mini {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.6rem;
}

.announcement-list-mini li {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
  padding-left: 0.8rem;
  border-left: 2px solid rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.3);
  color: var(--text);
}

.announcement-list-mini li a {
  font-weight: 600;
}

.news-feed {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.5rem;
}

.news-feed > li {
  border-left: 4px solid var(--accent-weak);
  padding-left: 1rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
  border-radius: 18px 0 0 18px;
  box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
}

.news-feed p {
  margin: 0.4rem 0;
}

.news-feed ul {
  margin-top: 0.6rem;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  padding-left: 1.2rem;
}

.news-feed ul li {
  list-style: disc;
  color: var(--text);
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.news-feed a {
  word-break: break-word;
}

.news-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.6rem;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}

.news-date {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--text);
}

.news-tag {
  padding: 0.15rem 0.7rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  font-weight: 600;
  background: rgba(15, 28, 63, 0.08);
  color: var(--text);
}

.tag-publication {
  background: rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.18);
  color: #1f3d73;
}

.tag-news {
  background: rgba(33, 150, 243, 0.14);
  color: #0f4d70;
}

.tag-conference {
  background: rgba(255, 182, 102, 0.25);
  color: #7a3b00;
}

.tag-funding {
  background: rgba(144, 224, 181, 0.3);
  color: #0e4e3a;
}

.tag-special {
  background: rgba(255, 192, 203, 0.35);
  color: #7a2045;
}

.tag-field {
  background: rgba(255, 231, 150, 0.4);
  color: #7a5c00;
}

.tag-awards {
  background: rgba(230, 214, 255, 0.5);
  color: #4b1f82;
}

.tag-hiring {
  background: rgba(255, 221, 176, 0.4);
  color: #73431c;
}

.tag-service {
  background: rgba(196, 225, 255, 0.4);
  color: #1b3f73;
}

.tag-convener {
  background: rgba(180, 204, 255, 0.35);
  color: #243f89;
}

.tag-update {
  background: rgba(200, 200, 200, 0.4);
  color: #4a4a4a;
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.home-page {
  background: radial-gradient(circle at 20% 20%, rgba(247, 251, 255, 0.9), #e3f2ff 60%, #d9ebff 100%) fixed;
}

.home-section {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);
  border: 1px solid rgba(134, 168, 231, 0.25);
  border-radius: 30px;
  box-shadow: 0 25px 60px rgba(30, 64, 125, 0.08);
  padding: 2.75rem;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.home-section::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: radial-gradient(circle at 0% 0%, rgba(117, 168, 255, 0.07), transparent 55%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.home-section .section-heading .eyebrow {
  color: #4a6fa8;
}

.home-section .section-heading h2 {
  color: #0f2f5f;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: 'Source Sans 3', 'Noto Sans SC', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
  background: radial-gradient(circle at 20% 20%, #fdfbff, var(--bg)) fixed;
  color: var(--text);
  line-height: 1.6;
  min-height: 100vh;
  transition: padding-right 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
}

body.drawer-open {
  padding-right: 450px;
}

@media (max-width: 1200px) {
  body.drawer-open {
    padding-right: 0;
  }
}

img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
}

a {
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration: none;
}

a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Global Layout Styles (Restored) */
body {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: 'Source Sans 3', 'Noto Sans SC', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
  background: radial-gradient(circle at 20% 20%, #fdfbff, var(--bg)) fixed;
  color: var(--text);
  line-height: 1.6;
  min-height: 100vh;
  transition: padding-right 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
}

.page {
  max-width: 1280px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 3rem clamp(2rem, 6vw, 4rem) 4.5rem;
}

/* Research Specific Full Screen Slides - ISOLATED */
body.research-slides-mode {
    height: 100vh;
    overflow: hidden;
}

body.research-slides-mode .page {
    height: calc(100vh - var(--nav-height));
    overflow-y: scroll;
    scroll-snap-type: y mandatory;
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
    padding: 0 !important;
    max-width: none !important;
    width: 100%;
}

body.research-slides-mode .flow-step {
    height: 100vh;
    width: 100%;
    scroll-snap-align: start;
    scroll-snap-stop: always;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    position: relative;
    padding: 2rem;
    overflow: hidden;
    flex-shrink: 0 !important;
}

body.research-slides-mode .publications-layout,
body.research-slides-mode .publications-content,
body.research-slides-mode .research-flow-container {
    display: block !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
}

/* Neon-style card shells inspired by research2.html */
.research-slides-mode .hero-banner-3d,
.research-slides-mode .needs-interaction,
.research-slides-mode .challenges-container-v4,
.research-slides-mode .modern-challenge-card {
    position: relative;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.02);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
    border-radius: 28px;
    box-shadow: 0 20px 60px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.35);
    backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
    transform-style: preserve-3d;
    overflow: hidden;
    transform: translateY(40px) scale(0.96);
    filter: blur(6px);
    transition: transform 0.9s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1),
                filter 0.9s ease,
                box-shadow 0.9s ease;
}

.research-slides-mode .hero-banner-3d::before,
.research-slides-mode .needs-interaction::before,
.research-slides-mode .challenges-container-v4::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background: radial-gradient(circle at 20% -10%, rgba(79, 172, 254, 0.25), transparent 60%);
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 0.8s ease;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .hero-banner-3d::before,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .needs-interaction::before,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .challenges-container-v4::before {
    opacity: 1;
    animation: neonPulse 3.5s ease-in-out infinite;
}

.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .hero-banner-3d,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .needs-interaction,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .challenges-container-v4,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .modern-challenge-card {
    transform: translateY(0) scale(1);
    filter: blur(0px);
    box-shadow: 0 25px 80px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.45);
}

.research-slides-mode .hero-banner-3d,
.research-slides-mode .needs-interaction,
.research-slides-mode .challenges-container-v4,
.research-slides-mode .lab-content {
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: 1100px !important;
    margin: 0 auto !important;
    position: relative !important;
    z-index: 1 !important;
}

#lab-story.flow-step {
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    justify-content: center !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
    width: 100% !important;
}

.geowater-lab-section.needs-center-bridge {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.3rem;
}

.needs-center-bridge .bridge-note {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.95);
  margin-top: 0.35rem;
  text-align: center;
}

.geowater-lab-section {
  display: flex !important;
  flex-direction: column !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  justify-content: center !important;
  width: 100% !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  position: relative !important;
}

.lab-content {
  width: 100% !important;
  max-width: 1100px !important;
  margin: 0 auto !important;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78) !important;
  border-radius: 40px !important;
  padding: 5rem 3rem !important;
  border: 1px solid rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 25px 60px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.08) !important;
  position: relative;
  overflow: auto !important;
}

.lab-content::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15), transparent);
  mix-blend-mode: screen;
  opacity: 0.6;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.lab-lede {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: rgba(226, 232, 240, 0.9);
  max-width: 720px;
}

.lab-impact-grid {
  margin: 2rem 0 2.5rem;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.2rem;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.impact-card {
  background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.75);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  border-radius: 22px;
  padding: 1.4rem;
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 25px rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.08);
  color: #e2e8f0;
}

.impact-value {
  font-size: 2.2rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: #93c5fd;
  display: block;
}

.impact-label {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: rgba(226, 232, 240, 0.7);
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.impact-card p {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: rgba(226, 232, 240, 0.85);
}

.lab-pillars {
  margin-top: 2rem;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(240px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.5rem;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.pillar-card {
  background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.65);
  border: 1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.35);
  border-radius: 24px;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  color: #e2e8f0;
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 30px rgba(15, 118, 228, 0.08);
  transition: transform 0.4s ease, box-shadow 0.4s ease;
}

.pillar-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-10px) scale(1.02);
  box-shadow: 0 20px 45px rgba(14, 116, 144, 0.25);
}

.pillar-label {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.15em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: rgba(125, 211, 252, 0.85);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.3rem;
}

.pillar-card h3 {
  margin: 0.2rem 0 0.6rem;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  color: #f1f5f9;
}

.pillar-card p {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: rgba(226, 232, 240, 0.85);
}

.pillar-card ul {
  margin: 0.8rem 0 0;
  padding-left: 1.1rem;
  color: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.95);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  list-style: disc;
}

.pillar-card ul li + li {
  margin-top: 0.35rem;
}

.geowater-lab-section .scroll-indicator {
  position: absolute !important;
  top: 50% !important;
  right: 2.5rem !important;
  transform: translateY(-50%) !important;
}

.lab-caseboard {
  margin-top: 2.5rem;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(260px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.5rem;
}

.case-card {
  background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.6);
  border: 1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.35);
  border-radius: 28px;
  padding: 1.8rem;
  color: #e2e8f0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.8rem;
  position: relative;
  box-shadow: 0 20px 45px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.35);
}

.case-card header h3 {
  margin: 0.2rem 0 0;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.case-badge {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  color: rgba(125, 211, 252, 0.9);
}

.case-card p {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: rgba(226, 232, 240, 0.85);
}

.case-tags {
  list-style: none;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}

.case-tags li {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.6rem;
  background: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15);
  border: 1px solid rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.3);
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: #93c5fd;
}

.research-slides-mode .modern-challenge-card {
    border-radius: 20px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
    background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.55);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.3);
    transition: transform 0.4s ease, box-shadow 0.4s ease;
}

.research-slides-mode .modern-challenge-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-6px) scale(1.02);
    box-shadow: 0 24px 45px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.45);
}

.intro-bg-blob {
    position: absolute;
    border-radius: 50%;
    filter: blur(80px);
    z-index: 0;
    opacity: 0.4;
    animation: blobFloat 20s infinite alternate ease-in-out;
}

.blob-1 {
    width: 500px;
    height: 500px;
    background: rgba(0, 102, 255, 0.15);
    top: -100px;
    right: -100px;
}

.blob-2 {
    width: 400px;
    height: 400px;
    background: rgba(6, 182, 212, 0.15);
    bottom: -50px;
    left: -50px;
    animation-delay: -5s;
}

@keyframes blobFloat {
    0% { transform: translate(0, 0) scale(1); }
    100% { transform: translate(50px, 50px) scale(1.1); }
}

.intro-glass-card {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
    backdrop-filter: blur(20px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(20px);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
    border-radius: 40px;
    padding: 4rem;
    max-width: 900px;
    text-align: center;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
    box-shadow: 0 25px 50px rgba(0, 80, 200, 0.05);
}

.intro-glass-card h1 {
    font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
    font-size: 4.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1e40af 0%, #0369a1 100%);
    -webkit-background-clip: text;
    background-clip: text;
    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.intro-glass-card p {
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    color: #475569;
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.intro-eyebrow {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 0.5rem 1.5rem;
    background: white;
    color: var(--accent);
    border-radius: 999px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 102, 255, 0.1);
}

.publications-layout {
    display: block !important;
}

.publications-sidebar {
    position: fixed !important;
    left: 2rem;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    z-index: 1000;
    width: auto !important; /* Allow width to fit text */
    background: none !important; /* Remove background */
    backdrop-filter: none !important; /* Remove blur */
    padding: 0 !important; /* Remove padding */
    border: none !important; /* Remove border */
    box-shadow: none !important; /* Remove shadow */
    pointer-events: auto;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.timeline-nav {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 2rem;
}

.timeline-dot {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    position: relative;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.timeline-dot .dot {
    width: 12px;
    height: 12px;
    background: var(--bg);
    border: 2px solid var(--accent-weak);
    border-radius: 50%;
    transition: all 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1);
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.timeline-dot.active .dot {
    background: var(--accent);
    border-color: var(--accent);
    box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0, 102, 255, 0.4);
    transform: scale(1.3);
}

.timeline-dot .year-label {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--muted);
    transition: color 0.3s ease;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.timeline-dot.active .year-label {
    color: var(--accent);
}

/* Background Section Styling */
.hero-banner-3d {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95), rgba(230, 242, 255, 0.9));
    border-radius: 32px;
    padding: 2.5rem;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
    box-shadow: 
        0 20px 50px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.12),
        inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
    position: relative;
    overflow-x: hidden;
    overflow-y: auto;
    max-height: calc(100vh - 6rem) !important;
    height: auto !important;
    scrollbar-gutter: stable both-edges;
    overscroll-behavior: contain;
}

.hero-banner-3d::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: -30%;
    right: -20%;
    width: 60%;
    height: 80%;
    background: radial-gradient(ellipse at center, rgba(161, 196, 253, 0.25), transparent 70%);
    pointer-events: none;
    z-index: 0;
}

.hero-banner-3d > * {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

.section-intro {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    color: #475569;
    line-height: 1.55;
    margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
    max-width: 760px;
}

.slide-title {
    font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
    font-size: 2.2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #0f2f5f;
    margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
    line-height: 1.2;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

/* Security Mini Grid */
.security-mini-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 0.75rem;
    margin: 0.85rem 0 0.4rem 0;
}

.security-mini-item {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    border-radius: 20px;
    padding: 1.5rem 1rem;
    text-align: center;
    border: 1px solid rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.15);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.08);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.security-mini-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.15);
    border-color: rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.3);
}

.security-mini-icon {
    font-size: 2.2rem;
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
}

.security-mini-label {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #1e40af;
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
}

.security-mini-desc {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: #64748b;
    display: block;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

/* Background Points - Light Blue Style */
.background-points {
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
    backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
    border: 1px solid rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15);
    border-radius: 20px;
    padding: 1.2rem;
    box-shadow: 0 3px 14px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.07);
}

.points-header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.6rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
}

.points-icon {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
}

.background-points h3 {
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: #0f2f5f;
    margin: 0;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.points-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 0.8rem;
}

.point-item {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.9rem;
    padding: 2.3rem;
    background: linear-gradient(145deg, #ffffff, #ebf4ff);
    border-radius: 32px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15);
    box-shadow: 0 15px 35px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
    min-height: 220px;
}

.point-num {
    font-size: 2.3rem;
    font-weight: 900;
    color: rgba(30, 64, 175, 0.08);
    line-height: 1;
}

.point-item strong {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    color: #1e40af;
    font-weight: 800;
}

.point-item span {
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: #475569;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Policy Links */
.policy-link-grid {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.8rem;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.policy-link-item {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    padding: 0.7rem 1rem;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
    border: 1px solid rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.2);
    border-radius: 12px;
    color: var(--accent);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.08);
}

.policy-link-item:hover {
    background: var(--accent);
    color: white;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 15px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.2);
}

.policy-icon {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
}
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .card-internal-indicator,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .section-header,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .slide-title,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step p,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .eyebrow,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .lab-lede,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .background-points,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .security-mini-grid,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .side-panel,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .modern-challenge-card,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .policy-link-grid,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .bg-card-image-full,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .lab-impact-grid,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .lab-pillars,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .lab-caseboard,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .pillar-card,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .case-card,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .intro-glass-card,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .intro-glass-card h1,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .intro-glass-card p,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .intro-eyebrow,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .needs-grid,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .need-card,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .section-intro,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .challenges-grid,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .summary-footer {
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
}

.research-slides-mode .flow-step .hero-banner-3d,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .needs-interaction,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .challenges-container-v4,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step .lab-content {
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
}

/* Active Slide - Triggers Entrances via Animation */
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .card-internal-indicator,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .section-header,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .slide-title,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide p,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .eyebrow,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .lab-lede,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .background-points,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .security-mini-grid,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .side-panel,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .modern-challenge-card,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .policy-link-grid,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .bg-card-image-full,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .lab-impact-grid,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .lab-pillars,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .lab-caseboard,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .pillar-card,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .case-card,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .intro-glass-card,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .intro-glass-card h1,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .intro-glass-card p,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .intro-eyebrow,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .lab-content,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .needs-grid,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .need-card,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .section-intro,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .challenges-grid,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .summary-footer {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
}

.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .hero-banner-3d,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .needs-interaction,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .challenges-container-v4 {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
}

/* Standard slide-up animation for text elements */
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .card-internal-indicator,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .slide-title,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide p:not(.intro-glass-card p):not(.case-card p):not(.pillar-card p):not(.need-card p),
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .intro-eyebrow,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .intro-glass-card p,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .intro-eyebrow,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .section-intro {
    animation: slideUpPPT 1s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275) both;
}

/* Intro-specific opposing direction reveals */
.research-slides-mode #intro .intro-eyebrow {
    transform: translateY(-30px);
}

.research-slides-mode #intro .intro-glass-card h1,
.research-slides-mode #intro .intro-glass-card p {
    transform: translateY(30px);
}

.research-slides-mode #intro.active-slide .intro-eyebrow {
    animation: floatInTop 1s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275) both;
}

.research-slides-mode #intro.active-slide .intro-glass-card h1,
.research-slides-mode #intro.active-slide .intro-glass-card p {
    animation: floatInBottom 1s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275) both;
}

/* Specific Section Container Animations */
.research-slides-mode #intro.active-slide .intro-glass-card {
    animation: zoomInSlide 1.2s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275) both;
}

.research-slides-mode #background.active-slide .hero-banner-3d {
    animation: fadeRightSlide 1.2s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275) both;
}

/* Needs Section Styling */
.needs-interaction {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95), rgba(230, 242, 255, 0.9));
    border-radius: 32px;
    padding: 2.5rem;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
    box-shadow: 
        0 20px 50px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.12),
        inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
    overflow-x: hidden;
    overflow-y: auto;
    max-height: calc(100vh - 6rem) !important;
}

/* Four Needs Cards Grid */
.needs-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 1.2rem;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.need-card {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
    backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
    border-radius: 20px;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border: 2px solid transparent;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.1);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.need-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.2);
}

.need-card-1 {
    border-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.3);
}

.need-card-2 {
    border-color: rgba(6, 182, 212, 0.3);
}

.need-card-3 {
    border-color: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.3);
}

.need-card-4 {
    border-color: rgba(139, 92, 246, 0.3);
}

.need-icon {
    font-size: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
    display: block;
}

.need-card h3 {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #0f2f5f;
    margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
}

.need-card p {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #475569;
    line-height: 1.5;
    margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
}

.need-card ul {
    margin: 0;
    padding-left: 1rem;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: #64748b;
}

.need-card li {
    margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
}

/* Challenges Section Styling - Blue Theme */
.challenges-container-v4 {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(248, 251, 255, 0.98), rgba(219, 234, 254, 0.93));
    border-radius: 36px;
    padding: 2.4rem;
    border: 1px solid rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.25);
    box-shadow: 0 30px 70px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.12);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.challenges-container-v4::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: -30% -10% auto;
    height: 60%;
    background: radial-gradient(circle at 50% 0%, rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.2), transparent 60%);
    opacity: 0.5;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.challenges-container-v4 > * {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

/* 3. Challenges Section Layout */
.challenges-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 1.5rem;
    margin-top: 1rem;
    width: 100%;
}

.modern-challenge-card {
    background: linear-gradient(150deg, rgba(247, 251, 255, 0.95), rgba(219, 235, 255, 0.9));
    border-radius: 24px;
    padding: 2rem;
    border: 1px solid rgba(147, 197, 253, 0.6);
    box-shadow: 0 16px 35px rgba(30, 64, 175, 0.12);
    transition: transform 0.35s ease, box-shadow 0.35s ease;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-align: center;
}

.modern-challenge-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(145deg, rgba(191, 219, 254, 0.5), rgba(224, 231, 255, 0.4));
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.modern-challenge-card::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: -30%;
    left: -20%;
    width: 140%;
    height: 120%;
    background: radial-gradient(circle at 20% 0%, rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15), transparent 60%);
    opacity: 0.6;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.modern-challenge-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-8px) scale(1.01);
    box-shadow: 0 20px 45px rgba(15, 76, 129, 0.2);
}

.modern-challenge-card:hover::before {
    opacity: 1;
}

.challenge-number {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: #1d4ed8;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em;
    margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(147, 197, 253, 0.8), rgba(191, 219, 254, 0.9));
    padding: 0.3rem 1rem;
    border-radius: 999px;
    display: inline-block;
    box-shadow: inset 0 1px 2px rgba(255,255,255,0.6);
}

.challenge-icon {
    font-size: 2.4rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    filter: drop-shadow(0 6px 12px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.3));
}

.challenge-title {
    font-size: 1.08rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #0f3c80;
    margin-bottom: 0.7rem;
    line-height: 1.3;
}

.challenge-desc {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #386298;
    line-height: 1.5;
    opacity: 0.92;
}

.summary-footer {
    margin-top: 2rem;
    padding: 2rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(219, 234, 254, 0.95), rgba(191, 219, 254, 0.85));
    border: 1px solid rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.25);
    border-radius: 36px;
    color: #1d4ed8;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    box-shadow: 0 30px 70px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.9rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-align: center;
    position: relative;
}

.summary-footer strong {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.25em;
    color: #2563eb;
}

@keyframes slideUpPPT {
    from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(50px); }
    to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
}

@keyframes zoomInSlide {
from { opacity: 0; transform: scale(0.8) translateY(40px); }
to { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1) translateY(0); }
}

@keyframes fadeRightSlide {
from { opacity: 0; transform: translateX(-80px); }
to { opacity: 1; transform: translateX(0); }
}

@keyframes fadeLeftSlide {
from { opacity: 0; transform: translateX(80px); }
to { opacity: 1; transform: translateX(0); }
}

@keyframes flipUpSlide {
from { opacity: 0; transform: perspective(1000px) rotateX(-20deg) translateY(60px); }
to { opacity: 1; transform: perspective(1000px) rotateX(0) translateY(0); }
}

@keyframes floatInTop {
from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(-40px); }
to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
}

@keyframes floatInBottom {
from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(40px); }
to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
}

@keyframes neonPulse {
    0% { opacity: 0.6; transform: scale(0.98); }
    50% { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1.02); }
    100% { opacity: 0.6; transform: scale(0.98); }
}

/* Staggered Delays for Narrative Flow */
.research-slides-mode #intro.active-slide .intro-eyebrow { animation-delay: 0.1s; }
.research-slides-mode #intro.active-slide .intro-glass-card h1 { animation-delay: 0.2s; }
.research-slides-mode #intro.active-slide .intro-glass-card p { animation-delay: 0.3s; }

.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .card-internal-indicator { animation-delay: 0.1s; }
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .slide-title { animation-delay: 0.2s; }
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide p:not(.intro-glass-card p) { animation-delay: 0.3s; }

.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .security-mini-grid,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .side-panel,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .bg-card-image-full,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .policy-link-grid { 
animation: slideUpPPT 1s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275) both;
animation-delay: 0.4s; 
}

.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .modern-challenge-card:nth-of-type(1),
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .need-card:nth-of-type(1) { animation-delay: 0.2s; }
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .modern-challenge-card:nth-of-type(2),
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .need-card:nth-of-type(2) { animation-delay: 0.3s; }
.research-slides-mode #challenges.active-slide .modern-challenge-card:nth-of-type(3),
.research-slides-mode #needs.active-slide .need-card:nth-of-type(3) { animation-delay: 0.4s; }
.research-slides-mode #needs.active-slide .need-card:nth-of-type(4) { animation-delay: 0.5s; }

/* Lab section staggered animations */
.research-slides-mode #lab-story.active-slide .pillar-card:nth-of-type(1) { animation-delay: 0.2s; }
.research-slides-mode #lab-story.active-slide .pillar-card:nth-of-type(2) { animation-delay: 0.3s; }
.research-slides-mode #lab-story.active-slide .pillar-card:nth-of-type(3) { animation-delay: 0.4s; }
.research-slides-mode #lab-story.active-slide .pillar-card:nth-of-type(4) { animation-delay: 0.5s; }

.research-slides-mode #lab-story.active-slide .case-card:nth-of-type(1) { animation-delay: 0.3s; }
.research-slides-mode #lab-story.active-slide .case-card:nth-of-type(2) { animation-delay: 0.4s; }
.research-slides-mode #lab-story.active-slide .case-card:nth-of-type(3) { animation-delay: 0.5s; }

.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .needs-grid,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .need-card {
    animation: flipUpSlide 1.2s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275) both;
}

.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .challenges-grid,
.research-slides-mode .flow-step.active-slide .summary-footer {
    animation: flipUpSlide 1.2s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275) both;
}

/* Slide transition overlay (Flash effect) */
.page::after {
content: '';
position: fixed;
inset: 0;
background: white;
opacity: 0;
pointer-events: none;
z-index: 2000;
transition: opacity 0.4s ease;
    inset: 0;
    background: white;
    opacity: 0;
    pointer-events: none;
    z-index: 2000;
    transition: opacity 0.4s ease;
}

body.is-transitioning .page::after {
    opacity: 0.1;
}

.publications-content {
    width: 100% !important;
}

.research-flow-container {
    padding: 0 !important;
    gap: 0 !important;
}

.research-flow-container::before {
    display: none !important;
}

.hero-banner-3d,
.needs-interaction,
.challenges-container-v4 {
    width: 90%;
    max-width: 1100px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    max-height: 85vh;
    overflow-y: auto;
}

.hero {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(229, 241, 255, 0.85), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7));
  border-radius: 30px;
  padding: 2.5rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 0.8fr;
  gap: 2rem;
  align-items: start;
  backdrop-filter: blur(18px);
  margin-top: 0 !important;
}

.hero > div:nth-child(2) {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.hero > div:nth-child(3) {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  width: calc(100% + 5rem); /* Full width including padding */
  margin-left: -2.5rem;
  margin-right: -2.5rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
  padding-top: 2rem;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.15);
  position: relative;
}

.hero > div:nth-child(3) h3 {
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  padding-left: 2.5rem; /* Align text with original padding */
  border-left: 4px solid var(--accent);
  line-height: 1;
  margin-left: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .hero {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    text-align: center;
  }
}

.hero-news {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 55%) minmax(300px, 1fr);
  gap: 2rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
  align-items: start;
}

.hero-news .card {
  height: fit-content;
}

.home-layout {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 3rem;
}

.home-layout .main-column {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
  margin-left: 110px;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .home-layout {
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .home-layout .main-column {
    margin-left: 0;
  }
}

/* Force alignment */
.main-column > *:first-child,
.sidebar-column > *:first-child {
  margin-top: 0 !important;
}

.sidebar-column {
  position: sticky;
  top: 110px;
  height: fit-content;
  margin-top: 0 !important;
  padding-top: 0 !important;
  align-self: start;
}

.card.news-panel {
  margin-top: 0 !important;
}

.cool-title {
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
  font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 5vw, 4rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  margin: 0.2rem 0 0.5rem;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #2b5876 0%, #4e4376 100%);
  background: linear-gradient(to right, #2563eb, #06b6d4, #2563eb);
  background-size: 200% auto;
  animation: shine 5s linear infinite;
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
  filter: drop-shadow(0 2px 10px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.25));
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.1;
}

@keyframes shine {
  to {
    background-position: 200% center;
  }
}

.welcome-hero {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.65);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
  box-shadow: 0 30px 70px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.15), inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  backdrop-filter: blur(20px);
}

.welcome-hero::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: 
    radial-gradient(circle at 0% 0%, rgba(161, 196, 253, 0.2), transparent 50%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 100% 100%, rgba(194, 233, 251, 0.2), transparent 50%);
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 0;
}

.hero .headshot {
  animation: float 6s ease-in-out infinite;
}

@keyframes float {
  0%, 100% { transform: translateY(0); }
  50% { transform: translateY(-10px); }
}

.card.news-panel {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  height: 100%;
  padding: 2.5rem;
  margin-top: 0 !important;
}

.news-scroll {
  max-height: clamp(520px, 70vh, 760px);
  overflow-y: auto;
  padding-right: 1rem;
  scrollbar-width: thin;
  scrollbar-color: rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.3) transparent;
}

.news-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar {
  width: 6px;
}

.news-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
  background-color: rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.3);
  border-radius: 3px;
}

.news-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
  background: transparent;
}

.hero .eyebrow {
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.2em;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.hero h1 {
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', 'Source Sans 3', serif;
  font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 4vw, 3.1rem);
  margin: 0.35rem 0 0.6rem;
}

.hero .subtitle {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
}

.hero .contact-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.8rem 1.5rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.hero .headshot {
  border-radius: 26px;
  border: 4px solid var(--glass-highlight);
  box-shadow: 0 32px 50px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.25);
  object-fit: cover;
}

.card {
  background: var(--card-bg);
  border-radius: 30px;
  padding: 2.5rem; /* Fixed padding to match hero for alignment */
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  backdrop-filter: blur(18px);
}

.card + .card {
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

.section-title {
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  color: var(--text);
}

.section-title span {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.news-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.35rem;
  max-height: 520px;
  overflow-y: auto;
  padding-right: 0.25rem;
}

.news-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(90px, 110px) 1fr;
  gap: 1.2rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
  padding-bottom: 1rem;
}

.news-date {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--accent);
}

.tag {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.6rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--accent-weak);
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-right: 0.5rem;
}

.grid-2 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(240px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.5rem;
}

.exp-item {
  padding-left: 0.5rem;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent-weak);
}

.exp-item strong {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.highlight {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.16), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4));
}

.list-clean {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.9rem;
}

.list-clean li {
  border-left: 4px solid var(--accent-weak);
  padding-left: 1rem;
}

.page-footer {
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  margin-top: 3rem;
}

.page-heading {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.page-heading h1 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 2.6rem);
}

.page-heading p {
  margin: 0.4rem 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.research-pillars {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(260px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.5rem;
}

.pillar {
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 20px;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  background: var(--card-bg);
}

.pillar h3 {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.pillar ul {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1.2rem;
}

.security-mini-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(160px, 1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
}

.background-points {
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.4);
  border: 1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.35);
  border-radius: 20px;
  padding: 1.5rem 1.75rem;
  color: #e2e8f0;
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
}

.background-points ul {
  margin: 0.75rem 0 0;
  padding-left: 1.25rem;
  color: rgba(226, 232, 240, 0.9);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.background-points ul li + li {
  margin-top: 0.4rem;
}

.person-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(240px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.2rem;
}

.person-card {
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 22px;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9), rgba(236, 244, 255, 0.7));
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
}

.person-card h3 {
  margin: 0 0 0.35rem;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.person-card .role {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.person-card p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.contact-dual-column-layout {
  max-width: 1100px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 1fr;
  gap: 2rem;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.contact-column {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.5rem;
}

.contact-method-full {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  align-items: center;
  background: white;
  padding: 1.5rem 2rem;
  border-radius: 24px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 20px -10px rgba(0, 102, 255, 0.05);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.method-title {
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
  color: var(--text);
}

.email-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.2rem;
}

.email-link {
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 1rem;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.email-link:hover {
  opacity: 0.7;
  transform: translateX(2px);
}

.address-text {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.visual-media-card-v2 {
  position: relative;
  padding: 0 !important;
  border-radius: 24px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px -10px rgba(0, 102, 255, 0.1);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: #f8fbff;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.left-column .visual-media-card-v2 {
  flex: 1; /* MP4 fills remaining height */
}

.right-column .image-card {
  height: auto; /* Allow image to determine its own height based on ratio */
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.right-column .image-card .visual-element {
  object-fit: contain; /* Show full image, no cropping */
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

.map-card-v2 {
  position: relative;
  padding: 0 !important;
  border-radius: 24px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px -10px rgba(0, 102, 255, 0.1);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  flex: 1; /* Map fills remaining height in right column */
  min-height: 150px;
}

.media-label {
  position: absolute;
  top: 1.2rem;
  left: 1.2rem;
  z-index: 10;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  padding: 0.4rem 1rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--accent);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

.visual-element {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: block;
}

.video-card .visual-element {
  object-fit: contain;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .contact-dual-column-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  
  .left-column .visual-media-card-v2, 
  .right-column .visual-media-card-v2,
  .map-card-v2 {
    height: 300px;
    flex: none;
  }
}

.photo-slider-container {
  width: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
  position: relative;
  padding: 2rem 0;
  background: rgba(240, 247, 255, 0.3);
  border-radius: 20px;
}

.photo-track {
  display: flex;
  width: max-content; /* Dynamically calculate based on content */
  animation: scroll 40s linear infinite;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  padding: 0 0.75rem;
}

.photo-track:hover {
  animation-play-state: paused;
}

.photo-track img {
  width: 350px;
  height: 250px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 16px;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(0, 102, 255, 0.1);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.photo-track img:hover {
  transform: scale(1.05);
  box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(0, 102, 255, 0.15);
}

@keyframes scroll {
  0% {
    transform: translateX(0);
  }
  100% {
    /* Translate exactly half of the total width (the first set of images) */
    transform: translateX(calc(-50% - 0.75rem));
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .photo-track img {
    width: 280px;
    height: 200px;
  }
  @keyframes scroll {
    0% { transform: translateX(0); }
    100% { transform: translateX(calc(-280px * 9 - 1.5rem * 9)); }
  }
}

.publications-layout {
  display: block; /* Change from flex for slide structure */
}

.publications-sidebar {
  position: fixed;
  left: 2rem;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  z-index: 1000;
  transition: all 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1);
  transform-origin: center;
}

.timeline-nav:hover ~ .timeline-line,
.timeline-container:hover .timeline-line {
  width: 4px;
  background: var(--accent);
  opacity: 0.3;
}

.timeline-nav {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.5rem;
}

.timeline-dot {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  position: relative;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.timeline-dot .dot {
  position: absolute;
  left: -1rem;
  width: 10px;
  height: 10px;
  background: var(--bg);
  border: 2px solid var(--accent-weak);
  border-radius: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  transition: all 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1);
  z-index: 2;
}

.timeline-dot.active .dot {
  background: var(--accent);
  border-color: var(--accent);
  box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0, 102, 255, 0.4);
  transform: translateX(-50%) scale(1.2);
}

.timeline-dot:hover .dot {
  background: var(--accent);
  border-color: var(--accent);
  transform: translateX(-50%) scale(1.6);
  box-shadow: 0 0 15px rgba(0, 102, 255, 0.5);
}

.timeline-dot .year-label {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--muted);
  transition: all 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1);
  transform-origin: left center;
}

.timeline-dot:hover .year-label {
  color: var(--accent);
  transform: scale(1.25) translateX(6px);
}

.timeline-dot.active .year-label {
  color: var(--accent);
  transform: scale(1.15) translateX(3px);
}

.publications-content {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .publications-layout {
    flex-direction: column;
  }
  
  .publications-sidebar {
    position: sticky;
    top: 70px;
    width: 100%;
    z-index: 10;
    background: var(--nav-bg);
    backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  }
  
  .timeline-line {
    display: none;
  }
  
  .timeline-nav {
    flex-direction: row;
    overflow-x: auto;
    padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    scrollbar-width: none;
  }
  
  .timeline-nav::-webkit-scrollbar {
    display: none;
  }
  
  .timeline-dot .dot {
    display: none;
  }
}

.pub-hero {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.4fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 2rem;
  align-items: center;
}

.pub-hero h2 {
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

.year-title {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 1.2rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  position: relative;
  padding-bottom: 1rem;
}

.year-title::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 60px;
  height: 4px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent), transparent);
  border-radius: 999px;
}

.year-title span:first-child {
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
  font-size: 2.2rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--text);
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.year-meta {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--accent);
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  opacity: 0.8;
}

.pub-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.3rem;
}

.pub-item {
  padding-left: 1rem;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent-weak);
}

.pub-item.lab-led {
  border-left-color: var(--accent);
  background: linear-gradient(120deg, rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.08), rgba(6, 182, 212, 0.05));
  border-radius: 0 18px 18px 0;
  padding: 1rem 1.2rem 1rem 1.5rem;
  box-shadow: 0 15px 30px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.12);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.lab-paper-badge {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0.8rem;
  right: 1.2rem;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.3rem;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.75rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
  border: 1px solid rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.35);
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(15, 28, 63, 0.15);
}

.year-block {
  background: white;
  border-radius: 32px;
  padding: 2.5rem 3rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 40px -15px rgba(0, 102, 255, 0.08);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}

.year-block:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: 0 20px 50px -15px rgba(0, 102, 255, 0.12);
}

.year-block::after {
  content: attr(data-year);
  position: absolute;
  inset: -1rem -1rem auto auto;
  font-size: 8rem;
  font-weight: 900;
  color: var(--accent);
  opacity: 0.03;
  pointer-events: none;
  line-height: 1;
}


.year-block.dense .pub-list {
  column-count: 2;
  column-gap: 2rem;
}

.year-block.dense .pub-item {
  border-left: none;
  padding-left: 0;
  position: relative;
  break-inside: avoid;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.year-block.dense .pub-item::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: -0.6rem;
  top: 0.45rem;
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
  border-radius: 2px;
  background: var(--accent-weak);
}

.pub-authors {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text);
}

.pub-title {
  margin: 0.25rem 0;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text);
}

.pub-journal {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  margin: 0.3rem 0;
  display: inline-block;
}

.pub-journal a {
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration: none;
  background: #f1f5f9; /* Light gray-blue background */
  padding: 0.2rem 0.7rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  transition: all 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
  border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}

.pub-journal .journal-pill {
  color: var(--accent);
  background: #f1f5f9;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.7rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
  display: inline-block;
}

.pub-journal a:hover {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: white !important;
  border-color: var(--accent);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.2);
}

.pub-journal em {
  font-style: normal;
}

.pub-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.8rem;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  align-items: center;
}

.pub-links a {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.6rem;
  background: white;
  border: 1px solid var(--accent-weak);
  border-radius: 6px;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.pub-links a:hover {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: white !important;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.15);
}

/* Research Page Improvements */
.research-statement-box {
  position: relative;
  padding: 3rem;
  border-radius: 30px;
  overflow: hidden;
  color: white;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  background: linear-gradient(rgba(15, 28, 63, 0.7), rgba(15, 28, 63, 0.7)), url('../assets/research_bg.png');
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.research-statement-box .section-title {
  color: white;
}

.pillar-image {
  width: 100%;
  height: 180px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 15px;
  margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
  background: #f0f4f8; /* Placeholder color */
}

/* Team Page Improvements */
.person-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
  gap: 1rem;
}

/* Team Page Redesign: Full-width rows with radiating color blocks */
.team-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 2.5rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

.person-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  width: 100%;
  position: relative;
  min-height: 140px;
}

.person-headshot-wrapper {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 140px;
  height: 140px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  padding: 6px;
  background: white;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(15, 28, 63, 0.15);
  transition: transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275);
}

.person-row:hover .person-headshot-wrapper {
  transform: scale(1.08) rotate(5deg);
}

.person-headshot-wrapper img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  border-radius: 50%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}

.person-info-block {
  flex: 1;
  margin-left: -70px; /* Overlap with headshot */
  padding: 1.5rem 2rem 1.5rem 90px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.08) 0%, rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.02) 100%);
  border-radius: 0 100px 100px 0;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--accent);
  transition: all 0.4s ease;
  z-index: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
}

.person-row:hover .person-info-block {
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.15) 0%, rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.05) 100%);
  padding-left: 100px;
  box-shadow: 10px 10px 30px rgba(15, 28, 63, 0.05);
}

.person-info-block h3 {
  margin: 0 0 0.3rem 0;
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  color: var(--text);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.person-info-block .role {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}

.person-info-block p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.person-highlight {
  margin-top: 0.6rem !important;
  background: rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.08);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--accent);
  padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
  border-radius: 12px;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .person-row {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    min-height: auto;
  }
  
  .person-info-block {
    margin-left: 0;
    margin-top: -40px;
    padding: 60px 1.5rem 1.5rem 1.5rem;
    border-radius: 20px;
    width: 100%;
    box-sizing: border-box;
  }
  
  .person-headshot-wrapper {
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
    margin-left: 1.5rem;
  }
}

/* Academic Services Section */
.services-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
  gap: 2rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.service-block {
  background: white;
  padding: 2rem;
  border-radius: 20px;
  border: 1px solid var(--accent-weak);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.service-block:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.1);
  border-color: var(--accent);
}

.service-icon {
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.service-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}

.service-list li {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  color: var(--text);
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 1.25rem;
}

.service-list li::before {
  content: '\2022';
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0.1rem;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.journal-tag {
  display: inline-block;
  background: #f1f5f9;
  color: var(--accent);
  padding: 0.2rem 0.6rem;
  border-radius: 6px;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin: 0.2rem;
  border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}

.service-btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  background: var(--accent);
  color: white;
  padding: 0.8rem 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 12px;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-top: 1rem;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.service-btn:hover {
  background: #2a6bc0;
  transform: scale(1.05);
  box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.3);
}

.service-btn svg {
  width: 18px;
  height: 18px;
}

.callout-note {
  margin-top: 1.2rem;
  padding: 1rem 1.2rem;
  border-radius: 18px;
  border: 1px dashed rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.4);
  background: rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.08);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .pub-hero {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .year-nav {
    border-radius: 24px;
  }

  .year-block.dense .pub-list {
    column-count: 1;
  }
}

/* Shell (index.html) */

.app-shell {
  min-height: 100vh;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.primary-nav {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
  z-index: 999;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
  backdrop-filter: blur(24px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
  box-shadow: 0 20px 40px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
  transition: all 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

.primary-nav .nav-inner {
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0.75rem 2rem;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
}

.brand {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.brand:hover {
  opacity: 0.8;
}

.brand-label {
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  color: var(--text);
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.brand-subtitle {
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--accent);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.15em;
  margin-top: -2px;
}

.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0.35rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  box-shadow: inset 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 102, 255, 0.03);
}

.nav-links li {
  margin: 0;
}

.nav-links a {
  display: block;
  padding: 0.55rem 1.4rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: var(--muted);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  transition: all 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.23, 1, 0.32, 1);
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.nav-links a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.nav-links a::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: var(--accent-light);
  transform: scale(0.8);
  opacity: 0;
  transition: all 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.23, 1, 0.32, 1);
  z-index: -1;
  border-radius: 999px;
}

.nav-links a:hover::before {
  transform: scale(1);
  opacity: 1;
}

.nav-links a.active {
  color: white;
  background: var(--accent);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 20px -6px rgba(0, 102, 255, 0.4);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.nav-links a.active::before {
  display: none;
}

.nav-links a:active {
  transform: scale(0.96);
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .primary-nav .nav-inner {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1rem;
    padding: 1rem;
  }
  
  .nav-links {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    overflow-x: auto;
    white-space: nowrap;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  
  .sidebar-column {
    position: static;
  }
}

.shell-main {
  flex: 1;
  padding: 0;
}

.content-frame {
  border: none;
  width: 100%;
  min-height: calc(100vh - 80px);
}

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .hero {
    text-align: center;
  }

  .hero .contact-links {
    justify-content: center;
  }

  nav ul {
    justify-content: center;
  }
}

/* Timeline Styling */
.timeline-container {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 2rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.timeline-container::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: 1rem;
  top: 0.5rem;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 2px;
  background: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--accent), rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.1));
  border-radius: 2px;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
}

.timeline-item {
  position: relative;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  padding-left: 1rem;
}

.timeline-item:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.timeline-marker {
  position: absolute;
  left: -2rem; /* Pull back to align with line at 1rem (Container padding 2rem + item padding 1rem = 3rem offset? No.)
                  Container pad: 2rem. Item starts at 2rem.
                  Line at 1rem.
                  Difference is 1rem.
                  So left: -1rem aligns center?
                  Let's center it: -1rem - (width/2) + (line_width/2) */
  left: calc(-1rem - 6px); /* 14px width, centered on -1rem */
  top: 0;
  width: 14px;
  height: 14px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: white;
  border: 3px solid var(--accent);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.15);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  z-index: 1;
}

.timeline-item:hover .timeline-marker {
  background: var(--accent);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 6px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.25);
  transform: scale(1.1);
}

.timeline-content {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
  border-radius: 16px;
  padding: 1.2rem;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
  position: relative;
  top: -6px;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--accent);
}

.timeline-item:hover .timeline-content {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
  transform: translateX(5px);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.12);
  border-color: rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.3);
}

.timeline-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.center-timeline .timeline-item:nth-child(odd) .timeline-header {
  flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.uni-logo {
  height: 35px;
  width: auto;
  object-fit: contain;
  filter: drop-shadow(0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1));
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.timeline-item:hover .uni-logo {
  transform: scale(1.1);
}

.timeline-date {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--accent);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
  background: rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.1);
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.6rem;
  border-radius: 99px;
}

.timeline-role {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--text);
  margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
}

.timeline-uni {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: #1a4b8c;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.timeline-uni::before {
  content: '';
  display: inline-block;
  width: 16px;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--accent);
  margin-right: 8px;
  opacity: 0.6;
}

.timeline-detail {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Word Cloud Styling */
.word-cloud-container {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 2.5rem 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
  background: radial-gradient(circle at 50% 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8), rgba(230, 242, 255, 0.4));
  border-radius: 24px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 20px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.05);
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
}

.cloud-track {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.2rem 2.5rem;
  max-width: 90%;
}

.cloud-tag {
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
  line-height: 1;
  transition: all 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275);
  cursor: default;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.cloud-tag:hover {
  transform: scale(1.15) translateY(-2px);
  text-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.2);
  z-index: 2;
}

.size-xl { font-size: 2.8rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: -0.02em; }
.size-lg { font-size: 2rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: -0.01em; }
.size-md { font-size: 1.4rem; font-weight: 500; }
.size-sm { 
  font-family: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.95rem; 
  font-weight: 600; 
  text-transform: uppercase; 
  letter-spacing: 0.15em;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.5rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
  border-radius: 4px;
}

.color-1 { color: #1a4b8c; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1a4b8c, #3a7bd5); -webkit-background-clip: text; background-clip: text; -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent; }
.color-2 { color: #3a7bd5; }
.color-3 { color: #4e4376; }
.color-4 { color: #06b6d4; }
.color-5 { color: #5d6481; }

/* Enhanced Timeline Styling */
.timeline-container::before {
  width: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--accent), rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.1));
  box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.2);
}

.timeline-marker {
  width: 14px;
  height: 14px;
  left: -5.5px;
  background: white;
  border: 4px solid var(--accent);
}

.timeline-content {
  border-left: 4px solid var(--accent); /* Add accent border to left of card */
}

/* Center Timeline Layout */
.center-timeline {
  padding-left: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
}

.center-timeline::before {
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  background: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--accent) 0%, rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.1) 100%);
}

.center-timeline .timeline-item {
  width: 50%;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  padding: 0 2.5rem;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.center-timeline .timeline-item:nth-child(odd) {
  align-self: flex-start;
  text-align: right;
  padding-left: 2.5rem; 
  padding-right: 2rem; 
}

.center-timeline .timeline-item:nth-child(even) {
  align-self: flex-end;
  text-align: left;
  padding-right: 2.5rem; 
  padding-left: 2rem; 
}

.center-timeline .timeline-marker {
  left: auto;
  right: -7px;
}

.center-timeline .timeline-item:nth-child(even) .timeline-marker {
  right: auto;
  left: -7px;
}

.center-timeline .timeline-content {
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
}

.center-timeline .timeline-item:nth-child(odd) .timeline-content {
  border-left: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-right: 4px solid var(--accent);
}

.center-timeline .timeline-item:nth-child(odd) .timeline-uni {
  flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.center-timeline .timeline-item:nth-child(odd) .timeline-uni::before {
  margin-right: 0;
  margin-left: 8px;
}

/* Highlight Current Role */
.timeline-item.highlight-current .timeline-content {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.1), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95));
  border: 2px solid var(--accent);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.2);
}

.timeline-item.highlight-current .timeline-role {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
}

.timeline-item.highlight-current .timeline-marker {
  background: var(--accent);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.3);
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .center-timeline::before {
    left: 1rem;
    transform: none;
  }
  
  .center-timeline .timeline-item {
    width: 100%;
    align-self: flex-start !important;
    text-align: left !important;
    padding-left: 2.5rem !important;
    padding-right: 0 !important;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
  }

  .center-timeline .timeline-marker {
    right: auto !important;
    left: calc(1rem - 7px) !important;
  }

  .center-timeline .timeline-item:nth-child(odd) .timeline-content {
    border-right: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--accent);
  }

  .center-timeline .timeline-item:nth-child(odd) .timeline-uni {
    flex-direction: row;
  }

  .center-timeline .timeline-item:nth-child(odd) .timeline-uni::before {
    margin-right: 8px;
    margin-left: 0;
  }
}

/* Redesigned Year Nav */
.year-nav {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.8rem;
  padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  border-radius: 20px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  position: sticky;
  top: 100px;
  z-index: 5;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
}

.year-nav span {
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-right: 0.5rem;
}

.year-nav a {
  padding: 0.4rem 1rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--muted);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.year-nav a:hover, .year-nav a:focus {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: white;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.3);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

/* News Drawer Styles */
.news-drawer-overlay, .gs-drawer-overlay {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  background: rgba(15, 28, 63, 0.05);
  z-index: 998;
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transition: all 0.4s ease;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.news-drawer-overlay.active, .gs-drawer-overlay.active {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
}

.news-drawer, .gs-drawer {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  height: 100vh;
  background: white;
  box-shadow: -5px 0 30px rgba(15, 28, 63, 0.1);
  z-index: 1001;
  transition: right 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.news-drawer {
  right: -450px;
  width: 450px;
  max-width: 90vw;
}

.gs-drawer {
  right: -50vw;
  width: 50vw;
}

.news-drawer.active, .gs-drawer.active {
  right: 0;
}

.news-drawer-header, .gs-drawer-header {
  padding: 2rem;
  background: white;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
}

.close-drawer {
  background: none;
  border: none;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  cursor: pointer;
  color: var(--muted);
  padding: 0.5rem;
  line-height: 1;
  transition: color 0.2s;
}

.close-drawer:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.news-drawer-content, .gs-drawer-content {
  flex: 1;
  overflow-y: auto;
  padding: 2rem;
}

.gs-drawer-content {
  padding: 0; /* Full frame for Google Scholar */
}

.gs-frame {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  border: none;
}

/* Floating News Toggle Button */
.news-toggle-btn {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 2rem;
  right: 2rem;
  width: 60px;
  height: 60px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--accent);
  color: white;
  border: none;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.4);
  cursor: pointer;
  z-index: 999;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275);
}

.news-toggle-btn:hover {
  transform: scale(1.1) rotate(5deg);
  background: #2563eb;
  box-shadow: 0 15px 35px rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.5);
}

.news-toggle-btn .btn-label {
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-top: 2px;
}

.news-toggle-btn svg {
  width: 24px;
  height: 24px;
}

/* GeoWater Lab Section Styling - With Tabs */
.geowater-lab-section {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    width: 100%;
}

.lab-content {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98), rgba(230, 242, 255, 0.95));
    border-radius: 32px;
    padding: 2rem 2.5rem;
    border: 2px solid rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15);
    box-shadow: 
        0 25px 60px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.15),
        inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
    position: relative;
    overflow: visible;
    width: 90%;
    max-width: 1100px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.lab-content::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: -20%;
    right: -15%;
    width: 50%;
    height: 80%;
    background: radial-gradient(ellipse at center, rgba(161, 196, 253, 0.3), transparent 70%);
    pointer-events: none;
    z-index: 0;
}

.lab-content > * {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

.lab-lede {
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: #475569;
    line-height: 1.5;
    max-width: 600px;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

/* Lab Tabs Navigation */
.lab-tabs {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    margin: 1rem 0;
    padding: 0.4rem;
    background: rgba(239, 246, 255, 0.8);
    border-radius: 16px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.2);
    width: fit-content;
}

.lab-tab {
    padding: 0.7rem 1.5rem;
    border: none;
    background: transparent;
    color: #64748b;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    border-radius: 12px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.lab-tab:hover {
    color: #3b82f6;
    background: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.1);
}

.lab-tab.active {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #3b82f6, #06b6d4);
    color: white;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.3);
}

/* Tab Content */
.lab-tab-content {
    display: none;
    animation: fadeInTab 0.4s ease;
}

.lab-tab-content.active {
    display: block;
}

@keyframes fadeInTab {
    from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(10px); }
    to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
}

/* Lab Pillars - 4 Cards in 2x2 Grid */
.lab-pillars {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 1rem;
}

.pillar-card {
    background: linear-gradient(145deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95), rgba(239, 246, 255, 0.8));
    backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
    border-radius: 20px;
    padding: 1.25rem;
    border: 2px solid rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.08);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.pillar-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.15);
    border-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.3);
}

.pillar-icon {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    display: block;
}

.pillar-label {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 0.25rem 0.7rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.1), rgba(6, 182, 212, 0.1));
    color: #3b82f6;
    border-radius: 999px;
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.pillar-card h3 {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #1e40af;
    margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

.pillar-card p {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: #475569;
    line-height: 1.4;
    margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
}

.pillar-card ul {
    margin: 0;
    padding-left: 1rem;
    color: #64748b;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
}

.pillar-card li {
    margin-bottom: 0.15rem;
}

.pillar-card li em {
    color: #94a3b8;
    font-style: normal;
}

/* Case Board - 3 Cards */
.lab-caseboard {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 1rem;
}

.case-card {
    background: linear-gradient(145deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95), rgba(239, 246, 255, 0.8));
    backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
    border-radius: 20px;
    padding: 1.25rem;
    border: 2px solid rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.08);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.case-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.15);
    border-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.3);
}

.case-card.case-study {
    border-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.25);
    background: linear-gradient(145deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98), rgba(239, 246, 255, 0.9));
}

.case-card.diagnostic {
    border-color: rgba(6, 182, 212, 0.25);
}

.case-card.policy {
    border-color: rgba(139, 92, 246, 0.25);
}

.case-badge {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 0.2rem 0.6rem;
    border-radius: 999px;
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.case-card.case-study .case-badge {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15), rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.2));
    color: #2563eb;
}

.case-card.diagnostic .case-badge {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(6, 182, 212, 0.15), rgba(8, 145, 178, 0.2));
    color: #0891b2;
}

.case-card.policy .case-badge {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(139, 92, 246, 0.15), rgba(124, 58, 237, 0.2));
    color: #7c3aed;
}

.case-card h3 {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #1e40af;
    margin: 0 0 0.5rem 0;
    line-height: 1.3;
}

.case-card p {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: #475569;
    line-height: 1.4;
    margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
}

.case-meta {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    color: #94a3b8;
    font-weight: 500;
}

/* Responsive adjustments */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .lab-pillars {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    
    .lab-caseboard {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }
    
    .needs-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    
    .challenges-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .lab-content {
        padding: 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .lab-caseboard {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    
    .needs-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    
    .challenges-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    
    .security-mini-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    
    .hero-banner-3d,
    .needs-interaction,
    .challenges-container-v4 {
        padding: 1.5rem;
    }
}

/* Laptop-first responsive refinements */
body.drawer-open {
    padding-right: 0;
}

.news-drawer-overlay {
    background: rgba(15, 28, 63, 0.18);
}

.announcement-list-mini .announcement-secondary {
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
    padding-left: 0.8rem;
    border-left-color: rgba(58, 123, 213, 0.15);
    color: var(--muted);
    font-style: italic;
}

.news-drawer-title {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.news-drawer-intro {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

@media (max-width: 1599px) {
    .page {
        max-width: 1360px;
        padding: 2rem clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 2rem) 4rem;
    }

    .home-layout {
        display: block;
    }

    .home-layout .main-column {
        margin-left: 0;
    }

    .home-page .home-sidebar.publications-sidebar,
    .publications-page .publications-sidebar,
    .team-page .publications-sidebar {
        position: sticky !important;
        inset: auto !important;
        top: 73px !important;
        transform: none !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        display: block !important;
        margin: 0 0 1.25rem !important;
        padding: 0.55rem !important;
        overflow-x: auto;
        background: rgba(248, 251, 255, 0.94) !important;
        border: 1px solid rgba(134, 168, 231, 0.28) !important;
        border-radius: 18px !important;
        box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(30, 64, 125, 0.08) !important;
        backdrop-filter: blur(18px) !important;
        scrollbar-width: none;
        z-index: 900;
    }

    .home-page .home-sidebar::-webkit-scrollbar,
    .publications-page .publications-sidebar::-webkit-scrollbar,
    .team-page .publications-sidebar::-webkit-scrollbar {
        display: none;
    }

    .home-page .home-sidebar .timeline-container,
    .publications-page .publications-sidebar .timeline-container,
    .team-page .publications-sidebar .timeline-container {
        width: max-content;
        min-width: 100%;
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
    }

    .home-page .home-sidebar .timeline-container::before,
    .publications-page .publications-sidebar .timeline-container::before,
    .team-page .publications-sidebar .timeline-container::before,
    .home-page .home-sidebar .timeline-line,
    .publications-page .publications-sidebar .timeline-line,
    .team-page .publications-sidebar .timeline-line {
        display: none;
    }

    .home-page .home-sidebar .timeline-nav,
    .publications-page .publications-sidebar .timeline-nav,
    .team-page .publications-sidebar .timeline-nav {
        flex-direction: row;
        justify-content: center;
        gap: 0.35rem;
        width: max-content;
        min-width: 100%;
    }

    .home-page .home-sidebar .timeline-dot,
    .publications-page .publications-sidebar .timeline-dot,
    .team-page .publications-sidebar .timeline-dot {
        gap: 0.45rem;
        padding: 0.48rem 0.72rem;
        border-radius: 999px;
        white-space: nowrap;
    }

    .home-page .home-sidebar .timeline-dot:hover,
    .home-page .home-sidebar .timeline-dot.active,
    .publications-page .publications-sidebar .timeline-dot:hover,
    .publications-page .publications-sidebar .timeline-dot.active,
    .team-page .publications-sidebar .timeline-dot:hover,
    .team-page .publications-sidebar .timeline-dot.active {
        background: var(--accent-light);
    }

    .home-page .home-sidebar .timeline-dot .dot,
    .publications-page .publications-sidebar .timeline-dot .dot,
    .team-page .publications-sidebar .timeline-dot .dot {
        position: static;
        width: 8px !important;
        height: 8px;
        transform: none;
        flex: 0 0 auto;
    }

    .home-page .home-sidebar .timeline-dot:hover .dot,
    .home-page .home-sidebar .timeline-dot.active .dot,
    .publications-page .publications-sidebar .timeline-dot:hover .dot,
    .publications-page .publications-sidebar .timeline-dot.active .dot,
    .team-page .publications-sidebar .timeline-dot:hover .dot,
    .team-page .publications-sidebar .timeline-dot.active .dot {
        transform: scale(1.15);
    }

    .home-page .home-sidebar .timeline-dot:hover .year-label,
    .home-page .home-sidebar .timeline-dot.active .year-label,
    .publications-page .publications-sidebar .timeline-dot:hover .year-label,
    .publications-page .publications-sidebar .timeline-dot.active .year-label,
    .team-page .publications-sidebar .timeline-dot:hover .year-label,
    .team-page .publications-sidebar .timeline-dot.active .year-label {
        transform: none;
    }

    .home-section {
        padding: 2rem;
        border-radius: 26px;
    }

    .home-page .hero {
        grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(190px, 230px);
        gap: 1.5rem;
        padding: 2rem;
    }

    .home-page .hero > div:nth-child(3) {
        width: calc(100% + 4rem);
        margin-right: -2rem;
        margin-left: -2rem;
    }

    .home-page .hero .headshot {
        width: 100%;
        max-width: 230px;
    }

    .home-page .cool-title {
        font-size: clamp(2.7rem, 4vw, 3.6rem);
    }

    .home-page .title-with-gs {
        margin-bottom: 2.35rem;
    }

    .honors-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
        gap: 1rem;
    }

    .honor-card {
        padding: 1.25rem;
    }

    body.research-slides-mode .publications-sidebar {
        left: 0.75rem !important;
    }

    body.research-slides-mode .publications-sidebar .year-label {
        display: none;
    }

    body.research-slides-mode .publications-sidebar .timeline-nav {
        gap: 1rem;
    }

    body.research-slides-mode .section-header {
        padding-bottom: clamp(2.5rem, 6vh, 4rem) !important;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 1199px) and (min-width: 769px) {
    .primary-nav .nav-inner {
        max-width: none;
        padding: 0.7rem 1.5rem;
    }

    .nav-links a {
        padding: 0.5rem 0.95rem;
    }

    .honors-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    }

    .grants-section,
    .honors-section,
    .services-section,
    .lectures-section {
        padding: 2rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .home-page .home-sidebar.publications-sidebar,
    .publications-page .publications-sidebar,
    .team-page .publications-sidebar {
        top: 118px !important;
    }

    .home-page .hero {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .home-page .hero > div:nth-child(2) {
        order: -1;
    }

    .home-page .hero .headshot {
        max-width: 200px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .page {
        padding: 1.25rem 1rem 3rem;
    }

    .home-page .home-sidebar.publications-sidebar,
    .publications-page .publications-sidebar,
    .team-page .publications-sidebar {
        display: none !important;
    }

    .home-section,
    .home-page .hero,
    .grants-section,
    .honors-section,
    .services-section,
    .lectures-section {
        padding: 1.35rem;
        border-radius: 22px;
    }

    .home-page .hero > div:nth-child(3) {
        width: calc(100% + 2.7rem);
        margin-right: -1.35rem;
        margin-left: -1.35rem;
        padding-top: 1.35rem;
    }

    .title-badges {
        width: 100%;
    }

    .email-badge {
        max-width: 100%;
        overflow-wrap: anywhere;
    }

    .honors-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .news-drawer {
        width: min(400px, 94vw);
        right: -100vw;
    }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    *,
    *::before,
    *::after {
        scroll-behavior: auto !important;
        animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
        animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
        transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    }
}